欣然

Chinese
happy
 
so; thus; like this
so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (欣然) 欣 然
simp. #(欣然) 欣 然

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 欣 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 欣 (57) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 許斤切 如延切
Baxter xj+n nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hɨn/ /ȵiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hɨn/ /ȵiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiən/ /ȵʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hɨn/ /ȵian/
Li
Rong		 /xiən/ /ȵiɛn/
Wang
Li		 /xĭən/ /ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xi̯ən/ /ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xīn rán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jan1 jin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 欣 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xīn rán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xjɨn › ‹ nyen ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰər/ /*[n]a[n]/
English rejoice so, thus; (adv suffix)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 欣 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 6665 10756
Phonetic
component		 斤 肰
Rime
group		 文 元
Rime
subdivision		 1 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 欣 然
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰɯn/ /*njen/

Adverb

欣然

  1. (literary) joyfully; with pleasure; gladly; readily

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (欣然):
  • → Japanese: 欣然(きんぜん) (kinzen)
  • → Korean: 흔연(欣然) (heunyeon)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
欣 然
きん
Jinmeiyō		 ぜん
Grade: 4
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
忻然

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) きんぜん [kìńzéń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [kʲĩnd͡zẽ̞ɴ]

Adjective

欣(きん)然(ぜん) • (kinzen) ←きんぜん (kinzen)?†-tari (adnominal 欣(きん)然(ぜん)とした (kinzen to shita) or 欣(きん)然(ぜん)たる (kinzen taru), adverbial 欣(きん)然(ぜん)と (kinzen to) or 欣(きん)然(ぜん)として (kinzen to shite))

  1. (literary) joyfully; with pleasure; gladly; readily
    • 1951, 日本国との平和条約の説明書
      日本全権(にっぽんぜんけん)はこの平和条約(へいわじょうやく)を欣然(きんぜん)受諾(じゅだく)する。
      Nippon zenken wa kono heiwa jōyaku o kinzen judaku suru.
      (please add an English translation of this example)

Inflection
Classical conjugation of "欣然たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 欣然たらきんぜんたらkinzentara
Continuative (連用形) 欣然と[1]
欣然たり[2]		きんぜんと
きんぜんたり		kinzento
kinzentari
Terminal (終止形) 欣然たりきんぜんたりkinzentari
Attributive (連体形) 欣然たるきんぜんたるkinzentaru
Realis (已然形) 欣然たれきんぜんたれkinzentare
Imperative (命令形) 欣然たれきんぜんたれkinzentare
Key constructions
Negative 欣然たらずきんぜんたらずkinzentarazu
Contrasting conjunction 欣然たれどきんぜんたれどkinzentaredo
Causal conjunction 欣然たればきんぜんたればkinzentareba
Conditional conjunction 欣然たらばきんぜんたらばkinzentaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 欣然たりききんぜんたりきkinzentariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 欣然たりけりきんぜんたりけりkinzentarikeri
Adverbial 欣然ときんぜんとkinzento
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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