欠く
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 欠 |
| か Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 缺く (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "欠く"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
欠く | かく | [kàkú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 欠け | かけ | [kàké] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 欠かれる | かかれる | [kàkárérú] |
| Causative | 欠かせる | かかせる | [kàkásérú] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 欠こう | かこー | [kàkóꜜò] |
| Negative | 欠かない | かかない | [kàkánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 欠かなかった | かかなかった | [kàkánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 欠きます | かきます | [kàkímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 欠いた | かいた | [kàítá] |
| Conjunctive | 欠いて | かいて | [kàíté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 欠けば | かけば | [kàkéꜜbà] |
Verb
欠く • (kaku) transitive godan (stem 欠き (kaki), past 欠いた (kaita))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 欠く |
| mediopassive | 欠ける |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "欠く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 欠か | かか | kaka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 欠き | かき | kaki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 欠く | かく | kaku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 欠く | かく | kaku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 欠け | かけ | kake |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 欠け | かけ | kake |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 欠かれる | かかれる | kakareru |
| Causative | 欠かせる 欠かす |
かかせる かかす |
kakaseru kakasu |
| Potential | 欠ける | かける | kakeru |
| Volitional | 欠こう | かこう | kakō |
| Negative | 欠かない | かかない | kakanai |
| Negative continuative | 欠かず | かかず | kakazu |
| Formal | 欠きます | かきます | kakimasu |
| Perfective | 欠いた | かいた | kaita |
| Conjunctive | 欠いて | かいて | kaite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 欠けば | かけば | kakeba |
Classical conjugation of "欠く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 欠か | かか | kaka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 欠き | かき | kaki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 欠く | かく | kaku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 欠く | かく | kaku |
| Realis (已然形) | 欠け | かけ | kake |
| Imperative (命令形) | 欠け | かけ | kake |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 欠かず | かかず | kakazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 欠けど | かけど | kakedo |
| Causal conjunction | 欠けば | かけば | kakeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 欠かば | かかば | kakaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 欠きき | かきき | kakiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 欠きけり | かきけり | kakikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 欠きつ | かきつ | kakitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 欠きぬ | かきぬ | kakinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 欠けり 欠きたり | かけり かきたり | kakeri kakitari |
| Volitional | 欠かむ | かかむ | kakamu |
References
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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