樂浪

Chinese

		music; happy; laugh music; happy; laugh; cheerful	wave; breaker; unrestrained wave; breaker; unrestrained; dissipated
trad. (樂浪)		樂	浪
simp. (乐浪)		乐	浪

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Lèlàng

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄜˋ ㄌㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lok⁶ long⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Lèlàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ ㄌㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Lèlàng
  - Wade–Giles: Lê⁴-lang⁴
  - Yale: Lè-làng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Lehlanq
  - Palladius: Лэлан (Lɛlan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lok⁶ long⁶
  - Yale: lohk lohng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁹ long⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: log⁶ long⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚² lɔːŋ²²/

Middle Chinese: lak langH

Rime
Character	樂	浪
Reading #	3/3	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	盧各切	來宕切
Baxter	lak	langH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/	/lɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/	/lɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/	/lɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/	/laŋ^H/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/	/lɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/	/lɑŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/	/lɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò	làng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok⁶	long⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤawk [r]ˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*raːwɢ raːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	樂	浪
Reading #	2/4	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lè	láng
Middle Chinese	‹ lak ›	‹ lang ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁawk/	/*[r]ˁaŋ/
English	joy; enjoy	(name of a river)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樂	浪
Reading #	2/3	2/2
No.	7673	8040
Phonetic component	樂	良
Rime group	藥	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	落	浪
Old Chinese	/*raːwɢ/	/*raːŋs/

Proper noun

樂浪

(historical) (～郡) Lelang Commandery (a commandery of the Han dynasty)

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