日和

See also: 白和

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
日 和
ひ
Grade: 1		 より
Grade: 3
kun’yomi jukujikun

Thought to be derived from 日 (hi, “sun”) +‎ 寄り (yori, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 寄る (yoru), “to draw near”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The use of 和 for "calm" is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ひより [hìyórí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [çijo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

日(ひ)和(より) • (hiyori) 

  1. weather (conditions)
    Synonym: 天気 (tenki)
  2. a clear sky, nice weather
    Synonym: 晴天 (seiten)
  3. a circumstance, situation
  4. Short for 日和下駄 (hiyori geta): clogs for use in dry weather
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • お日和(ひより) (ohiyori)
  • 日和(ひよ)る (hiyoru, “be opportunistic”)
  • 日和(ひより)下駄(げた) (hiyori geta)
  • 日和(ひより)乞(ご)い (hiyorigoi)
  • 日和(ひより)続(つづ)き (hiyoritsuzuki)
  • 日和(ひより)待(ま)ち (hiyorimachi)
  • 日和(ひより)見(み) (hiyorimi, “timeserving”)
  • 日和(ひより)見(み)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (hiyorimishugi, “opportunism”)
  • 日和(ひより)申(もう)し (hiyorimōshi)
  • 日和(ひより)山(やま) (hiyoriyama)
  • 秋(あき)日和(びより) (akibiyori)
  • 朝(あさ)日和(びより) (asabiyori)
  • 一(いち)石(こく)日和(びより) (ichikoku-biyori), 一(いっ)石(こく)日和(びより) (ikkokubiyori)
  • 御講(おこう)日和(びより) (okōbiyori)
  • 海(かい)路(ろ)の日和(ひより) (kairo no hiyori)
  • 菊(きく)日和(びより) (kikubiyori)
  • 狐(きつね)日和(びより) (kitsunebiyori)
  • 小(こ)春(はる)日和(びより) (koharu-biyori, “Indian summer”)
  • 霜(しも)日和(びより) (shimobiyori)
  • 上(じょう)日和(びより) (jō-biyori)
  • 中(なか)日和(ひより) (nakahiyori)
  • 俄(にわか)日和(びより) (niwakabiyori)
  • 春(はる)日和(びより) (harubiyori)
  • 冬(ふゆ)日和(びより) (fuyubiyori)
  • 雪(ゆき)日和(びより) (yukibiyori)
Idioms
  • 泣(な)き出(だ)しそうな日和(ひより) (nakidashisō na hiyori)
  • 待(ま)てば甘露(かんろ)の日和(ひより)あり (mateba kanro no hiyori ari)

Suffix

日和(びより) • (-biyori) 

  1. (figurative) perfect weather for an activity
    散歩(さんぽ)日和(びより)
    sanpo-biyori
    good day for a walk outside
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 気(き)違(ちが)い日和(びより) (kichigai-biyori)
  • 下(くだ)り日和(びより) (kudari-biyori)
  • 出(で)日和(びより) (debiyori)
  • 上(のぼ)り日和(びより) (nobori-biyori)
  • 麦(むぎ)日和(びより) (mugibiyori)

Proper noun

日(ひ)和(より) • (Hiyori) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
日 和
Grade: 1 Grade: 3
irregular

From a poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE, a shift in meaning from Old Japanese 庭 (⟨nipa⟩ → niwa, “area → wide open sea”):

  • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro poem 256 by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro:
    , text here
    飼飯(けひの)海(うみ)乃(の)庭(には)好(よく)有之(あらし)苅薦(かりこも)乃(の)乱(みだれて)出(いづ)所見(みゆ)海人(あまの)釣(つり)船(ぶね) [Man'yōgana]
    笥飯(けひ)の海(うみ)の庭(には)よくあらし刈(かり)薦(ごも)の乱(みだ)れて出(い)づ見(み)ゆ海人(あま)の釣(つ)り船(ぶね) [Modern spelling]
    Kehi-no-umi no niwa yoku arashi karigomo no midarete izu miyu ama no tsuribune
    The fishing grounds at Kehi must be yielding their riches today; scattering about on the waves, like freshly cut reeds, I can see the boats of fishermen.[2]

The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).

Noun

日和(にわ) • (niwa) ←には (nifa)?

  1. (archaic) calm sea
  2. (archaic) calm weather
  3. (archaic) good mood
    Synonym: 機嫌 (kigen)

Proper noun

日和(にわ) • (Niwa) ←には (nifa)?

  1. a surname

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Marc P. Keane, Haruzo Ohashi, photography (2012) Japanese Garden Design‎, illustrated edition, Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN
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