擅自

Chinese

		usurp; without authority	from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since
simp. and trad. (擅自)		擅	自

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shànzì

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ ㄗˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sin⁶ zi⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siān-chīr / siān-chū

(Teochew, Peng'im): siang⁶ ze⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shànzì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ ㄗˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shànzìh
  - Wade–Giles: shan⁴-tzŭ⁴
  - Yale: shàn-dz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanntzyh
  - Palladius: шаньцзы (šanʹczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sin⁶ zi⁶
  - Yale: sihn jih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sin⁶ dzi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xin⁶ ji⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːn²² t͡siː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siān-chīr
  - Tâi-lô: siān-tsīr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siān-chū
  - Tâi-lô: siān-tsū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siexnzu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡su²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siang⁶ ze⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siăng tsṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ³⁵/

Adverb

擅自

without permission or authorization
on one's own initiative

Synonyms

(on one's own initiative): 自覺／自觉 (zìjué)

Related terms

自作主張／自作主张 (zìzuòzhǔzhāng)

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