戒心

Chinese

		swear off; warn against	heart; mind
simp. and trad. (戒心)		戒	心

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jièxīn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai³ sam¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kài-sim

(Teochew, Peng'im): gai³ sim¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jièxīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jièsin
  - Wade–Giles: chieh⁴-hsin¹
  - Yale: jyè-syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiehshin
  - Palladius: цзесинь (czesinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaai³ sam¹
  - Yale: gaai sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaai³ sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gai³ sem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːi̯³³ sɐm⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kài-sim
  - Tâi-lô: kài-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaesym
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kai²¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sim³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai²¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kai¹¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai²¹⁻⁴¹ sim⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gai³ sim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kài sim
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sim³³/

Middle Chinese: keajH sim

Rime
Character	戒	心
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古拜切	息林切
Baxter	keajH	sim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛi^H/	/siɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæi^H/	/sim/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐi^H/	/sjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨj^H/	/sim/
Li Rong	/kɛi^H/	/siəm/
Wang Li	/kɐi^H/	/sĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/kăi^H/	/si̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiè	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai³	sam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrək-s səm/

(Zhengzhang): /*krɯːɡs slɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戒	心
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiè	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛj^H ›	‹ sim ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁrək-s/ (~ kˁrək)	/*səm/
English	be on guard	heart
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戒	心
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6544	13801
Phonetic component	戒	心
Rime group	代	侵
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	誡	心
Old Chinese	/*krɯːɡs/	/*slɯm/

Noun

戒心

wariness; vigilance
- 當在薛也，予有戒心。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  当在薛也，予有戒心。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Dāng zài Xuē yě, yǔ yǒu jièxīn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (戒心):

→ Japanese: 戒心(かいしん) (kaishin)
→ Korean: 계심(戒心) (gyesim)
→ Vietnamese: giới tâm (戒心)

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