慎む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
慎
つつし
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
愼む (kyūjitai)
謹む
虔む

Etymology

Cognate with 包む (tsutsumu).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) つつし​む [tsùtsúshíꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [3])[3][4][5]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨ̥ᵝt͡sɨᵝɕimɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "慎む"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 慎む つつし​む [tsùtsúshíꜜmù]
Imperative (命令形) 慎め つつし​め [tsùtsúshíꜜmè]
Key constructions
Passive 慎まれる つつしまれ​る [tsùtsúshímáréꜜrù]
Causative 慎ませる つつしませ​る [tsùtsúshímáséꜜrù]
Potential 慎める つつしめ​る [tsùtsúshíméꜜrù]
Volitional 慎もう つつしも​ー [tsùtsúshímóꜜò]
Negative 慎まない つつしま​ない [tsùtsúshímáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 慎まなかった つつしま​なかった [tsùtsúshímáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 慎みます つつしみま​す [tsùtsúshímímáꜜsù]
Perfective 慎んだ つつし​んだ [tsùtsúshíꜜǹdà]
Conjunctive 慎んで つつし​んで [tsùtsúshíꜜǹdè]
Hypothetical conditional 慎めば つつし​めば [tsùtsúshíꜜmèbà]

Verb

慎(つつし)む • (tsutsushimu) transitive godan (stem 慎(つつし)み (tsutsushimi), past 慎(つつし)んだ (tsutsushinda))

  1. be mindful of
    言葉(ことば)を謹(つつし)んでね。
    Kotoba o tsutsushinde ne.
    Make sure to mind your words.
  2. be prudent

Conjugation
Conjugation of "慎む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 慎ま つつしま tsutsushima
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 慎み つつしみ tsutsushimi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 慎む つつしむ tsutsushimu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 慎む つつしむ tsutsushimu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 慎め つつしめ tsutsushime
Meireikei ("imperative") 慎め つつしめ tsutsushime
Key constructions
Passive 慎まれる つつしまれる tsutsushimareru
Causative 慎ませる
慎ます		 つつしませる
つつします		 tsutsushimaseru
tsutsushimasu
Potential 慎める つつしめる tsutsushimeru
Volitional 慎もう つつしもう tsutsushimō
Negative 慎まない つつしまない tsutsushimanai
Negative continuative 慎まず つつしまず tsutsushimazu
Formal 慎みます つつしみます tsutsushimimasu
Perfective 慎んだ つつしんだ tsutsushinda
Conjunctive 慎んで つつしんで tsutsushinde
Hypothetical conditional 慎めば つつしめば tsutsushimeba

References
  1. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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