| kindhearted | serious (illness); sincere; true | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (惇篤) | 惇 | 篤 | |
| simp. (惇笃) | 惇 | 笃 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 惇 | 篤 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) | 冬 (6) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 都昆切 | 冬毒切 |
| Baxter | twon | towk |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tuən/ | /tuok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tuon/ | /tuok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tuən/ | /tok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/twən/ | /tawk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/tuən/ | /tok̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/tuən/ | /tuok̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tuən/ | /tuok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dūn | du |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
deon1 | duk1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 篤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dǔ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ towk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tˁuk/ |
| English | firm, solid |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 惇 | 篤 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2598 | 17587 |
| Phonetic component |
敦 | 竹 |
| Rime group |
文 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
敦 | 篤 |
| Old Chinese |
/*tuːn/ | /*tuːɡ/ |