弾く

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
弾
ひ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
彈く (kyūjitai)

Derived from 引(ひ)く (hiku, “to pull”).

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "弾く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 弾く ひく [hìkú]
Imperative (命令形) 弾け ひけ [hìké]
Key constructions
Passive 弾かれる ひかれる [hìkárérú]
Causative 弾かせる ひかせる [hìkásérú]
Potential 弾ける ひける [hìkérú]
Volitional 弾こう ひこ​ー [hìkóꜜò]
Negative 弾かない ひかない [hìkánáí]
Negative perfective 弾かなかった ひかな​かった [hìkánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 弾きます ひきま​す [hìkímáꜜsù]
Perfective 弾いた ひいた [hìítá]
Conjunctive 弾いて ひいて [hìíté]
Hypothetical conditional 弾けば ひけ​ば [hìkéꜜbà]

Verb

弾(ひ)く • (hiku) transitive godan (stem 弾(ひ)き (hiki), past 弾(ひ)いた (hiita))

  1. play (a stringed or keyboard musical instrument)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "弾く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 弾か ひか hika
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 弾き ひき hiki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 弾く ひく hiku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 弾く ひく hiku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 弾け ひけ hike
Meireikei ("imperative") 弾け ひけ hike
Key constructions
Passive 弾かれる ひかれる hikareru
Causative 弾かせる
弾かす		 ひかせる
ひかす		 hikaseru
hikasu
Potential 弾ける ひける hikeru
Volitional 弾こう ひこう hikō
Negative 弾かない ひかない hikanai
Negative continuative 弾かず ひかず hikazu
Formal 弾きます ひきます hikimasu
Perfective 弾いた ひいた hiita
Conjunctive 弾いて ひいて hiite
Hypothetical conditional 弾けば ひけば hikeba
Classical conjugation of "弾く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 弾かひかfika
Continuative (連用形) 弾きひきfiki
Terminal (終止形) 弾くひくfiku
Attributive (連体形) 弾くひくfiku
Realis (已然形) 弾けひけfike
Imperative (命令形) 弾けひけfike
Key constructions
Negative 弾かずひかずfikazu
Contrasting conjunction 弾けどひけどfikedo
Causal conjunction 弾けばひけばfikeba
Conditional conjunction 弾かばひかばfikaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 弾ききひききfikiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 弾きけりひきけりfikikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 弾きつひきつfikitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 弾きぬひきぬfikinu
Perfect-continuative tense 弾けり
弾きたり		ひけり
ひきたり		fikeri
fikitari
Volitional 弾かむひかむfikamu
Synonyms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
弾
はじ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
彈く (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) はじ​く [hàjíꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ʑikɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "弾く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 弾く はじ​く [hàjíꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形) 弾け はじ​け [hàjíꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive 弾かれる はじかれ​る [hàjíkáréꜜrù]
Causative 弾かせる はじかせ​る [hàjíkáséꜜrù]
Potential 弾ける はじけ​る [hàjíkéꜜrù]
Volitional 弾こう はじこ​ー [hàjíkóꜜò]
Negative 弾かない はじか​ない [hàjíkáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 弾かなかった はじか​なかった [hàjíkáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 弾きます はじきま​す [hàjíkímáꜜsù]
Perfective 弾いた はじ​いた [hàjíꜜìtà]
Conjunctive 弾いて はじ​いて [hàjíꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 弾けば はじ​けば [hàjíꜜkèbà]

Verb

弾(はじ)く • (hajiku) transitive godan (stem 弾(はじ)き (hajiki), past 弾(はじ)いた (hajiita))

Japanese verb pair
active 弾(はじ)く (弾(はじ)く)
mediopassive 弾(はじ)ける (弾(はじ)ける)
  1. to flick and make something spring/jump
    おはじきを弾(はじ)く
    ohajiki o hajiku
    to fire the marble
    爪先(つまさき)で弦(つる)を弾(はじ)く
    tsumasaki de tsuru o hajiku
    to pluck the string with finger
  2. to reject; to repel (some external substance) (of materials)
    このレインコートはよく水(みず)を弾(はじ)く
    kono reinkōto wa yoku mizu o hajiku
    This raincoat is well waterproof.
    鋼鉄(こうてつ)の板(いた)が銃弾(じゅうだん)を弾(はじ)く
    kōtetsu no ita ga jūdan o hajiku
    The steel plates can resist bullets.
  3. (from the metaphor of beating beads of an abacus) to calculate
    損得(そんとく)を弾(はじ)いてみる
    sontoku o hajīte miru
    Let's calculate the loss and gain.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "弾く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 弾か はじか hajika
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 弾き はじき hajiki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 弾く はじく hajiku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 弾く はじく hajiku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 弾け はじけ hajike
Meireikei ("imperative") 弾け はじけ hajike
Key constructions
Passive 弾かれる はじかれる hajikareru
Causative 弾かせる
弾かす		 はじかせる
はじかす		 hajikaseru
hajikasu
Potential 弾ける はじける hajikeru
Volitional 弾こう はじこう hajikō
Negative 弾かない はじかない hajikanai
Negative continuative 弾かず はじかず hajikazu
Formal 弾きます はじきます hajikimasu
Perfective 弾いた はじいた hajiita
Conjunctive 弾いて はじいて hajiite
Hypothetical conditional 弾けば はじけば hajikeba
Classical conjugation of "弾く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 弾かはじかfazika
Continuative (連用形) 弾きはじきfaziki
Terminal (終止形) 弾くはじくfaziku
Attributive (連体形) 弾くはじくfaziku
Realis (已然形) 弾けはじけfazike
Imperative (命令形) 弾けはじけfazike
Key constructions
Negative 弾かずはじかずfazikazu
Contrasting conjunction 弾けどはじけどfazikedo
Causal conjunction 弾けばはじけばfazikeba
Conditional conjunction 弾かばはじかばfazikaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 弾ききはじききfazikiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 弾きけりはじきけりfazikikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 弾きつはじきつfazikitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 弾きぬはじきぬfazikinu
Perfect-continuative tense 弾けり
弾きたり		はじけり
はじきたり		fazikeri
fazikitari
Volitional 弾かむはじかむfazikamu

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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