強梁

Chinese

		strength; force; power strength; force; power; powerful; better	beam of roof; bridge
trad. (強梁)		強	梁
simp. (强梁)		强	梁

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiángliáng

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): koeng⁴ loeng⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiángliáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciángliáng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiang²-liang²
  - Yale: chyáng-lyáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyangliang
  - Palladius: цянлян (cjanljan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: koeng⁴ loeng⁴
  - Yale: kèuhng lèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: koeng⁴ loeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kêng⁴ lêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰœːŋ²¹ lœːŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: gjang ljang

Rime
Character	強	梁
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	巨良切	呂章切
Baxter	gjang	ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨɐŋ/	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiɐŋ/	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɑŋ/	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨaŋ/	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɡiaŋ/	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/ɡĭaŋ/	/lĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯aŋ/	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiáng	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	koeng⁴	loeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kaŋ raŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaŋ raŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	強	梁
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiáng	liáng
Middle Chinese	‹ gjang ›	‹ ljang ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kaŋ/	/*raŋ/
English	strong	beam; bridge
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	強	梁
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	10318	1648
Phonetic component	强	刅
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	強	良
Old Chinese	/*ɡaŋ/	/*raŋ/
Notes	彊省聲而非弘聲，通借爲彊

Adjective

強梁

strong and violent
- 強梁者不得其死 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  强梁者不得其死 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE
  Qiángliángzhě bùdéqísǐ [Pinyin]
  The violent and strong do not die their natural death

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