帰る
See also: 歸る
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 帰 |
| かえ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 歸る (kyūjitai) 還る |
Etymology
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kapiaru.
Cognate with 返る (kaeru, “to return”), by extension of returning to one's home.[1][2]
Compare 帰す (kaesu, “to send someone home”, transitive).
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "帰る"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
帰る | かえる | [káꜜèrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 帰れ | かえれ | [káꜜèrè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 帰られる | かえられる | [kàéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 帰らせる | かえらせる | [kàéráséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 帰れる | かえれる | [kàéréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 帰ろう | かえろー | [kàéróꜜò] |
| Negative | 帰らない | かえらない | [kàéráꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 帰らなかった | かえらなかった | [kàéráꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 帰ります | かえります | [kàérímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 帰った | かえった | [káꜜèttà] |
| Conjunctive | 帰って | かえって | [káꜜèttè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 帰れば | かえれば | [káꜜèrèbà] |
Verb
帰る • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?intransitive godan (stem 帰り (kaeri), past 帰った (kaetta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 帰す (帰す) |
| mediopassive | 帰る (帰る) |
- to go home, return
- 1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “じじぬき [No Longer Old Man]”, in カンビュセスの籤 [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第三章, page 814:
- かわいい子よ 孫よ おじいちゃんは今帰るぞーっ！
- Kawaī ko yo mago yo O-jī-chan wa ima kaeru zō'!
- My dear children and grandchildren, I’m coming home!
- かわいい子よ 孫よ おじいちゃんは今帰るぞーっ！
- 1992, Yoshiyuki Tomino, Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory, episode 9, spoken by Anavel Gato (Akio Otsuka):
- to leave, walk away
- (baseball) to get to home plate
Conjugation
Conjugation of "帰る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 帰ら | かえら | kaera |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 帰り | かえり | kaeri |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 帰る | かえる | kaeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 帰る | かえる | kaeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 帰れ | かえれ | kaere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 帰れ | かえれ | kaere |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 帰られる | かえられる | kaerareru |
| Causative | 帰らせる 帰らす |
かえらせる かえらす |
kaeraseru kaerasu |
| Potential | 帰れる | かえれる | kaereru |
| Volitional | 帰ろう | かえろう | kaerō |
| Negative | 帰らない | かえらない | kaeranai |
| Negative continuative | 帰らず | かえらず | kaerazu |
| Formal | 帰ります | かえります | kaerimasu |
| Perfective | 帰った | かえった | kaetta |
| Conjunctive | 帰って | かえって | kaette |
| Hypothetical conditional | 帰れば | かえれば | kaereba |
Classical conjugation of "帰る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 帰ら | かへら | kafera |
| Continuative (連用形) | 帰り | かへり | kaferi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 帰る | かへる | kaferu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 帰る | かへる | kaferu |
| Realis (已然形) | 帰れ | かへれ | kafere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 帰れ | かへれ | kafere |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 帰らず | かへらず | kaferazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 帰れど | かへれど | kaferedo |
| Causal conjunction | 帰れば | かへれば | kafereba |
| Conditional conjunction | 帰らば | かへらば | kaferaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 帰りき | かへりき | kaferiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 帰りけり | かへりけり | kaferikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 帰りつ | かへりつ | kaferitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 帰りぬ | かへりぬ | kaferinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 帰れり 帰りたり | かへれり かへりたり | kafereri kaferitari |
| Volitional | 帰らむ | かへらむ | kaferamu |
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 帰り (kaeri)
- 帰りなんいざ (kaerinan iza)
- 帰るさ (kaeru sa)
- 帰るさま (kaeru sama)
- 帰る朝 (kaeru ashita)
- 帰る雁 (kaeru kari)
- 神帰月, 神帰り月 (kamikaeri-zuki)
- 立帰る, 立ち帰る (tachikaeru)
- 燕帰る (tsubame kaeru)
- 鳥帰る (tori kaeru)
- 逃帰る, 逃げ帰る (nigekaeru)
- 持帰る, 持ち帰る (mochikaeru)
- 行き帰る (yukikaeru), 行き帰る (yukigaeru)
- 行くも帰るもの関 (Yuku-mo Kaeru-mo no Seki)
- 蘇る, 甦る (yomigaeru, “to reincarnate”)
Idioms
Idioms
- 帰らぬ旅 (kaeranu tabi, “never-returning journey” → “dying”)
- 帰らぬ人 (kaeranu hito, “person that never returns” → “a dead person”)
- 帰らぬ路 (kaeranu michi, “never-returning road” → “dying”)
- 帰らぬ昔 (kaeranu mukashi, “never-returning past” → “unrepeatable past”)
Proverbs
Proverbs
- 宝の山に入りながら手を空しくして帰る (takara no yama ni irinagara te o munashikushite kaeru, “returning to a mountain of treasure in vain” → “missed opportunity”)
- 錦衣を着て故郷に帰る (kin'i o kite kokyō ni kaeru, “wearing a brocade and going home” → “promoted and going home”)
- 行きは良い良い帰りは恐い (yuki wa yoiyoi kaeri wa kowai, “going is easy but returning is hard or scary” → “no guarantees returning”)
- 行き大名の帰り乞食 (yuki daimyō no kaeri kojiki, “go as a daimyo, return as a beggar” → “fruitless waste”)
- 落花枝に帰らず (rakka eda ni kaerazu, “a branch of fallen flowers never return” → “a parted husband and wife do not return”)
- 落花枝に帰らず破鏡再び照らさず (rakka eda ni kaerazu hakyō futatabi terasazu, “a branch of fallen flowers never return, a broken mirror does not shine again” → “a parted husband and wife do not return”)
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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