工課

See also: 工课

Chinese

	work; worker; skill work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labour	subject; class; lesson
trad. (工課)	工	課
simp. (工课)	工	课
alternative forms	空課／空课工契空契

Pronunciation

Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khang-khè / khang-khòe / khang-khèr / khang-khìr / kang-khè / kang-khòe / kang-khèr

(Teochew, Peng'im): kang¹ kuê³ / gang¹ kuê³

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Magong, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khang-khè
  - Tâi-lô: khang-khè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qangqex
  - IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰe²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khang-khòe
  - Tâi-lô: khang-khuè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qangqoex
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰue²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Singapore): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khang-khèr
  - Tâi-lô: khang-khèr
  - IPA (Kinmen): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰə¹²/
  - IPA (Lukang): /kʰaŋ³³ kʰə³¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰaŋ³³ kʰə⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰə²¹/
- (Hokkien: Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khang-khìr
  - Tâi-lô: khang-khìr
  - IPA (Kinmen): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɯ¹²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-khè
  - Tâi-lô: kang-khè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kangqex
  - IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰe¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰe²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-khòe
  - Tâi-lô: kang-khuè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kangqoex
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³ kʰue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-khèr
  - Tâi-lô: kang-khèr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³ kʰə⁴¹/

Note:

khang-khèr, kang-khèr - rare in Quanzhou;
kang-khòe - rare in Zhangzhou.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kang¹ kuê³ / gang¹ kuê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khang khuè / kang khuè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³⁻²³ kʰue²¹³/, /kaŋ³³⁻²³ kʰue²¹³/

Noun

工課

(Southern Min) work
做工課／做工课 [Hokkien] ― chò -khang-khòe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to do work

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 職業 (“job; occupation; profession”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		職, 業
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		職業, 工作
Mandarin	Taiwan	工作
Mandarin	Singapore	工, 工作
Cantonese	Guangzhou	工
	Hong Kong	工
	Singapore (Guangfu)	工
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	頭路
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	頭路
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	頭路
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	頭路
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	頭路
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	頭路
Southern Min	Xiamen	頭路, 工課, 穡路
	Quanzhou	頭路, 工課, 穡路
	Jinjiang	頭路
	Zhangzhou	頭路, 工課, 穡路
	Taipei	頭路
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	頭路, 職業
	Kaohsiung	工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
	Yilan	工課, 頭路, 職業
	Changhua (Lukang)	工課, 頭路, 職業
	Taichung	頭路, 工課, 穡頭
	Tainan	工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
	Hsinchu	頭路, 工課
	Kinmen	頭路, 工課
	Penghu (Magong)	工課
	Penang (Hokkien)	工課, 工
	Singapore (Hokkien)	工, 頭路, 工課
	Manila (Hokkien)	頭路
	Jieyang	工課
	Singapore (Teochew)	工, 工課
	Singapore (Hainanese)	工
Wu	Shanghai	工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively
	Shanghai (Chongming)	生活, 營生
	Suzhou	行當
	Danyang	生活
	Ningbo	生活, 行當
	Wenzhou	行當
	Jinhua	行當, 事幹, 生活
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Derived terms

References

“Entry #528”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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