届く

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
届
とど
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
屆く (kyūjitai)
Japanese verb pair
active 届(とど)ける (届(とど)ける)
mediopassive 届(とど)く (届(とど)く)

Shift from tozuku below.[1]

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "届く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 届く とど​く [tòdóꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形) 届け とど​け [tòdóꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive 届かれる とどかれ​る [tòdókáréꜜrù]
Causative 届かせる とどかせ​る [tòdókáséꜜrù]
Potential - - -
Volitional 届こう とどこ​ー [tòdókóꜜò]
Negative 届かない とどか​ない [tòdókáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 届かなかった とどか​なかった [tòdókáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 届きます とどきま​す [tòdókímáꜜsù]
Perfective 届いた とど​いた [tòdóꜜìtà]
Conjunctive 届いて とど​いて [tòdóꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 届けば とど​けば [tòdóꜜkèbà]

Verb

届(とど)く • (todoku) intransitive godan (stem 届(とど)き (todoki), past 届(とど)いた (todoita))

  1. (literal or figurative) to reach
    手(て)の届(とど)かないところ
    te no todokanai tokoro
    where the hand can't reach
    手(て)の届(とど)かない存在(そんざい)
    te no todokanai sonzai
    existence that is out of reach; a different realm
    届(とど)かない思(おも)い
    todokanai omoi
    feelings that do not make it to someone
Conjugation
Conjugation of "届く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 届か とどか todoka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 届き とどき todoki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 届く とどく todoku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 届く とどく todoku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 届け とどけ todoke
Meireikei ("imperative") 届け とどけ todoke
Key constructions
Passive 届かれる とどかれる todokareru
Causative 届かせる
届かす		 とどかせる
とどかす		 todokaseru
todokasu
Potential 届ける とどける todokeru
Volitional 届こう とどこう todokō
Negative 届かない とどかない todokanai
Negative continuative 届かず とどかず todokazu
Formal 届きます とどきます todokimasu
Perfective 届いた とどいた todoita
Conjunctive 届いて とどいて todoite
Hypothetical conditional 届けば とどけば todokeba
Classical conjugation of "届く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 届かとどかtodoka
Continuative (連用形) 届きとどきtodoki
Terminal (終止形) 届くとどくtodoku
Attributive (連体形) 届くとどくtodoku
Realis (已然形) 届けとどけtodoke
Imperative (命令形) 届けとどけtodoke
Key constructions
Negative 届かずとどかずtodokazu
Contrasting conjunction 届けどとどけどtodokedo
Causal conjunction 届けばとどけばtodokeba
Conditional conjunction 届かばとどかばtodokaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 届ききとどききtodokiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 届きけりとどきけりtodokikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 届きつとどきつtodokitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 届きぬとどきぬtodokinu
Perfect-continuative tense 届けり
届きたり		とどけり
とどきたり		todokeri
todokitari
Volitional 届かむとどかむtodokamu

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
届
とず
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
屆く (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[7] From Proto-Japonic *tontoku.

Verb

届(とず)く • (tozuku) ←とづく (toduku)?intransitive †yodan

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of 届く (todoku)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "届く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 届かとづかtoduka
Continuative (連用形) 届きとづきtoduki
Terminal (終止形) 届くとづくtoduku
Attributive (連体形) 届くとづくtoduku
Realis (已然形) 届けとづけtoduke
Imperative (命令形) 届けとづけtoduke
Key constructions
Negative 届かずとづかずtodukazu
Contrasting conjunction 届けどとづけどtodukedo
Causal conjunction 届けばとづけばtodukeba
Conditional conjunction 届かばとづかばtodukaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 届ききとづききtodukiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 届きけりとづきけりtodukikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 届きつとづきつtodukitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 届きぬとづきぬtodukinu
Perfect-continuative tense 届けり
届きたり		とづけり
とづきたり		todukeri
todukitari
Volitional 届かむとづかむtodukamu

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
届
とず
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
屆く (kyūjitai)

Verb

届(とず)く • (tozuku) ←とづく (toduku)?transitive †nidan

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of 届ける (todokeru)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "届く" (カ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 届けとづけtoduke
Continuative (連用形) 届けとづけtoduke
Terminal (終止形) 届くとづくtoduku
Attributive (連体形) 届くるとづくるtodukuru
Realis (已然形) 届くれとづくれtodukure
Imperative (命令形) 届けよとづけよtodukeyo
Key constructions
Negative 届けずとづけずtodukezu
Contrasting conjunction 届くれどとづくれどtodukuredo
Causal conjunction 届くればとづくればtodukureba
Conditional conjunction 届けばとづけばtodukeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 届けきとづけきtodukeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 届けけりとづけけりtodukekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 届けつとづけつtoduketu
Perfect tense (natural event) 届けぬとづけぬtodukenu
Perfect-continuative tense 届けたりとづけたりtoduketari
Volitional 届けむとづけむtodukemu

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  6. Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
  7. “届”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
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