寶馬

See also: 宝马

Chinese

	a jewel or gem; a treasure; precious	horse; surname
trad. (寶馬)	寶	馬
simp. (宝马)	宝	马
anagram	馬寶／马宝

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǎomǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou² maa⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎomǎ [Phonetic: báomǎ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎomǎ
  - Wade–Giles: pao³-ma³
  - Yale: bǎu-mǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baomaa
  - Palladius: баома (baoma)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bou² maa⁵
  - Yale: bóu máh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou² maa⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou² ma⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵ maː¹³/

Middle Chinese: pawX maeX

Rime
Character	寶	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	博抱切	莫下切
Baxter	pawX	maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɑu^X/	/mˠa^X/
Pan Wuyun	/pɑu^X/	/mᵚa^X/
Shao Rongfen	/pɑu^X/	/ma^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paw^X/	/maɨ^X/
Li Rong	/pɑu^X/	/ma^X/
Wang Li	/pɑu^X/	/ma^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɑu^X/	/ma^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǎo	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou²	maa⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤuʔ mˤraʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*puːʔ mraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寶	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎo	mǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ paw^X ›	‹ mæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁuʔ/	/*mˁraʔ/
English	precious thing	horse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寶	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3264	8715
Phonetic component	缶	馬
Rime group	幽	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	寶	馬
Old Chinese	/*puːʔ/	/*mraːʔ/

Noun

寶馬

precious horse; treasure horse
- 貳師馬，宛寶馬也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  贰师马，宛宝马也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Èrshī mǎ, Wǎn bǎomǎ yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

寶馬香車／宝马香车 (bǎomǎ xiāngchē)
香車寶馬／香车宝马 (xiāngchē bǎomǎ)

Etymology 2

The vehicle brand is a phono-semantic matching of German BMW (寶／宝 (bǎo) and 馬／马 (mǎ) also have same respective initial sounds as English 'B' and 'M'). The name was introduced when the brand entered Hong Kong market in 1968. The term itself refers to a form of transportation used by aristocrats, which was cited by Xin Qiji's poem in 青玉案.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Bǎomǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou² maa⁵
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): bo² bhê²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Bǎomǎ [Phonetic: báomǎ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Bǎomǎ
  - Wade–Giles: Pao³-ma³
  - Yale: Bǎu-mǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Baomaa
  - Palladius: Баома (Baoma)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bou² maa⁵
  - Yale: bóu máh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou² maa⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou² ma⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵ maː¹³/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bo² bhê²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pó bé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵²⁻³⁵ be⁵²⁻²¹/

Proper noun

寶馬

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau) BMW (automotive brand, including car, motorcycle)

Synonyms

(Taiwanese Hokkien) 米奶

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