寥廓

Chinese

		empty; lonesome; very few	big; empty; open
trad. (寥廓)		寥	廓
simp. ^#(寥廓)		寥	廓

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liáokuò

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄎㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): liu⁴ kwok³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liâu-khok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liáokuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄎㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liáokuò
  - Wade–Giles: liao²-kʻuo⁴
  - Yale: lyáu-kwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liaukuoh
  - Palladius: ляоко (ljaoko)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    寥廓
    遼闊／辽阔
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: liu⁴ kwok³
  - Yale: lìuh kwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: liu⁴ kwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: liu⁴ kuog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːu̯²¹ kʷʰɔːk̚³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâu-khok
  - Tâi-lô: liâu-khok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liau'qog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liau²⁴⁻²² kʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liau²⁴⁻²² kʰɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liau¹³⁻²² kʰɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: lew|lek khwak

Rime
Character	寥	寥	廓
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)	青 (127)	唐 (104)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	IV	I
Fanqie	落蕭切	郎擊切	苦郭切
Baxter	lew	lek	khwak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leu/	/lek̚/	/kʰwɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/leu/	/lek̚/	/kʰʷɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/leu/	/lɛk̚/	/kʰuɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛw/	/lɛjk̚/	/kʰwak̚/
Li Rong	/leu/	/lek̚/	/kʰuɑk̚/
Wang Li	/lieu/	/liek̚/	/kʰuɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieu/	/liek̚/	/kʰwɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáo	lì	kuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	liu⁴	lik⁶	fok³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*rɯːw|rɯːwɢ kʰʷaːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寥	寥	廓
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	8366	8370	4758
Phonetic component	翏	翏	郭
Rime group	幽	覺	鐸
Rime subdivision	2	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	聊	靂	廓
Old Chinese	/*rɯːw/	/*rɯːwɢ/	/*kʰʷaːɡ/
Notes	見老子說文作廫

Adjective

寥廓

(formal) boundless; vast

Synonyms

(literary) 牢牢 (láoláo)

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