宿る

Japanese
Kanji in this term
宿
やど
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese. A compound of 屋 (ya, “house; roof”) +‎ 取る (toru, “to take”). First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]

A surface analysis might suggest a derivation from 宿 (yado, “inn, hotel, lodging”). However, the Old Japanese spelling using man'yōgana was ⟨yado2ru⟩, consistent with the compound derivation above. Meanwhile, the noun 宿 (yado, “inn, hotel, lodging”) was spelled ⟨yado1, consistent with a derivation from 屋 (ya, “house; roof”) + 戸 (to, “door”, by extension, “house”).[2] Consequently, aside from the initial 屋 (ya) in both terms, yadoru and yado are not actually directly related to each other.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) やど​る [yàdóꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[3]
  • IPA(key): [ja̠do̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

宿(やど)る • (yadoru) godan (stem 宿(やど)り (yadori), past 宿(やど)った (yadotta))

  1. [from 720] to take shelter
    • 1941, Kyōka Izumi, Numa Fujin [Swamp Woman]‎:
      小(こ)松(まつ)原(ばら)は、旅(りょ)行(こう)中(ちゅう)、夏(なつ)の一(ひと)夜(よ)を、知(ちか)己(づき)の医(い)学(がく)士(し)の家(いえ)に宿(やど)ったのであった。
      Komatsubara wa, ryokō-chū, natsu no hitoyo o, chikazuki no igakushi no ie ni yadotta no de atta.
      One summer night on his journey, Komatsubara stayed in the house of a doctor friend of his.
  2. [from 759] (figuratively) to be located at; to dwell
    言(こと)葉(ば)に宿(やど)るパワー
    kotoba ni yadoru pawā
    the power (vested) in words
    草(くさ)葉(ば)に宿(やど)る露(つゆ)
    kusaba ni yadoru tsuyu
    the dew among the grass
    不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)な力(ちから)が宿(やど)る
    fushigi na chikara ga yadoru
    a mysterious power dwells
    神(かみ)様(さま)は細(さい)部(ぶ)に宿(やど)る
    kamisama wa saibu ni yadoru
    God is in the details
  3. [from 1250] (of an unborn child) to be in the mother
    赤(あか)ちゃんがお腹(なか)に宿(やど)る
    akachan ga onaka ni yadoru
    to be pregnant
    (literally, “a child is in the belly”)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "宿る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 宿ら やどら yadora
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 宿り やどり yadori
Shūshikei ("terminal") 宿る やどる yadoru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 宿る やどる yadoru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 宿れ やどれ yadore
Meireikei ("imperative") 宿れ やどれ yadore
Key constructions
Passive 宿られる やどられる yadorareru
Causative 宿らせる
宿らす		 やどらせる
やどらす		 yadoraseru
yadorasu
Potential 宿れる やどれる yadoreru
Volitional 宿ろう やどろう yadorō
Negative 宿らない やどらない yadoranai
Negative continuative 宿らず やどらず yadorazu
Formal 宿ります やどります yadorimasu
Perfective 宿った やどった yadotta
Conjunctive 宿って やどって yadotte
Hypothetical conditional 宿れば やどれば yadoreba

Derived terms
  • 雨(あま)宿(やど)り (amayadori)
  • 正(しょう)直(じき)の頭(こうべ)に神(かみ)宿(やど)る (shōjiki no kōbe ni kami yadoru)

References
  1. “宿”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. “宿・屋戸・屋外”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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