宗族

Chinese

		family	clan
trad. (宗族)		宗	族
simp. ^#(宗族)		宗	族

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zōngzú

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥㄗㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ zuk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng-chhu̍k
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chong-cho̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): zong¹ zog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zōngzú
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥㄗㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zongzú
  - Wade–Giles: tsung¹-tsu²
  - Yale: dzūng-dzú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzongtzwu
  - Palladius: цзунцзу (czunczu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zung¹ zuk⁶
  - Yale: jūng juhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ dzuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ zug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    中軸／中轴
    宗族
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng-chhu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´ cug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹ cug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chong-cho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsong-tso̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zongzok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zong¹ zog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsong tso̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sok̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsowng dzuwk

Rime
Character	宗	族
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	作冬切	昨木切
Baxter	tsowng	dzuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suoŋ/	/d͡zuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡suoŋ/	/d͡zuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡soŋ/	/d͡zuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sawŋ/	/d͡zəwk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡soŋ/	/d͡zuk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡suoŋ/	/d͡zuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡suoŋ/	/d͡zʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zōng	zú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung¹	zuk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤuŋ [dz]ˤok/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋ zoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宗	族
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zōng	zú
Middle Chinese	‹ tsowng ›	‹ dzuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁuŋ/	/*[dz]ˁok/
English	ancestral temple	clan
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宗	族
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17892	17980
Phonetic component	宗	族
Rime group	終	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	宗	族
Old Chinese	/*ʔsuːŋ/	/*zoːɡ/
Notes		甲文或從二矢，象令旗麾矢蔟集，爲蔟初文，說文訓鏃則與從方二矢脫節

Noun

宗族

patriarchal clan
clansman
- 臣之仇韓相俠累，俠累又韓君之季父也，宗族盛多，居處兵衛甚設，臣欲使人刺之，終莫能就。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  臣之仇韩相侠累，侠累又韩君之季父也，宗族盛多，居处兵卫甚设，臣欲使人刺之，终莫能就。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Chén zhī chóu Hán xiàng Xiálěi, Xiálěi yòu Hán jūn zhī jìfù yě, zōngzú shèngduō, jūchù bīngwèi shèn shè, chén yù shǐ rén cì zhī, zhōng mò néng jiù. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

(patriarchal clan): 系族 (xìzú)

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