learn; study; science learn; study; science; ‑ology |
‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does sth) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (學者) | 學 | 者 | |
| simp. (学者) | 学 | 者 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 學 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 江 (10) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 胡覺切 | 章也切 |
| Baxter | haewk | tsyaeX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦˠʌk̚/ | /t͡ɕiaX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦᵚɔk̚/ | /t͡ɕiaX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɔk̚/ | /t͡ɕiaX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦaɨwk̚/ | /ciaX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣɔk̚/ | /t͡ɕiaX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣɔk̚/ | /t͡ɕĭaX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣɔk̚/ | /t͡ɕi̯aX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xué | zhě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hok6 | ze2 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 學 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xué | zhě |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hæwk › | ‹ tsyæX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*m-kˁruk/ | /*tAʔ/ |
| English | study; imitate | (nominalizing particle) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 學 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14079 | 16960 |
| Phonetic component |
學 | 者 |
| Rime group |
覺 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
學 | 者 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡruːɡ/ | /*tjaːʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲文象習持爻於膝前， 金文方加子 |
說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說 |