夭逝
Chinese
| tender; gentle; to die prematurely | depart; die | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (夭逝) | 夭 | 逝 | |
| simp. #(夭逝) | 夭 | 逝 | |
Pronunciation
Verb
夭逝
- (literary) to die young
- (literary, figuratively) to come to a premature end; to be short-lived; to be aborted prematurely
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 夭 | 逝 |
| よう Hyōgaiji |
せい Grade: S |
| on’yomi | kan’on |
Etymology
Ultimately from Chinese 夭逝 (literally “die young + die, pass away”), possibly as a learned borrowing from Chinese. Likely used as a slight orthographic variant of more-common and older synonym 夭折 (yōsetsu), adding the 辶 (chuò) element to the 折 character. Listed in some dictionaries as a synonym for 夭折 (yōsetsu) with more Chinese overtones.[1]
First cited to 1935, compared to a first attestation of 756 CE for 夭折 (yōsetsu).[2]
Noun
Verb
夭逝する • (yōsei suru) ←えうせい (eusei)?intransitive suru (stem 夭逝し (yōsei shi), past 夭逝した (yōsei shita))
- [from 1935] to die prematurely, to die while still young
- Synonym: 夭折 (yōsetsu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "夭逝する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 夭逝し | ようせいし | yōsei shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 夭逝し | ようせいし | yōsei shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 夭逝する | ようせいする | yōsei suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 夭逝する | ようせいする | yōsei suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 夭逝すれ | ようせいすれ | yōsei sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 夭逝せよ¹ 夭逝しろ² |
ようせいせよ¹ ようせいしろ² |
yōsei seyo¹ yōsei shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 夭逝される | ようせいされる | yōsei sareru | |
| Causative | 夭逝させる 夭逝さす |
ようせいさせる ようせいさす |
yōsei saseru yōsei sasu | |
| Potential | 夭逝できる | ようせいできる | yōsei dekiru | |
| Volitional | 夭逝しよう | ようせいしよう | yōsei shiyō | |
| Negative | 夭逝しない | ようせいしない | yōsei shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 夭逝せず | ようせいせず | yōsei sezu | |
| Formal | 夭逝します | ようせいします | yōsei shimasu | |
| Perfective | 夭逝した | ようせいした | yōsei shita | |
| Conjunctive | 夭逝して | ようせいして | yōsei shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 夭逝すれば | ようせいすれば | yōsei sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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