天地

Chinese

		day; sky; heaven	earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly
trad. (天地)		天	地
simp. ^#(天地)		天	地

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiāndì

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢㄉㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ dei⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiên-thi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thiⁿ-tōe / thiⁿ-tē / thian-tē / thian-tōe / thiⁿ-tǐ

(Teochew, Peng'im): tin¹ di⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiāndì
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢㄉㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiandì
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-ti⁴
  - Yale: tyān-dì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiandih
  - Palladius: тяньди (tjanʹdi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tin¹ dei⁶
  - Yale: tīn deih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ dei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ déi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ tei̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-thi
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien´ ti
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian¹ ti⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-tōe
  - Tâi-lô: thinn-tuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvi'doe
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ tue³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³ tue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tue²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-tē
  - Tâi-lô: thinn-tē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvi'de
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-tē
  - Tâi-lô: thian-tē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiende
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ te⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-tōe
  - Tâi-lô: thian-tuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiendoe
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tue³³/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-tǐ
  - Tâi-lô: thinn-tǐ
  - IPA (Longyan): /tʰĩ³³⁴ ti⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tin¹ di⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiⁿ tī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰĩ³³⁻²³ ti¹¹/

Middle Chinese: then dijH

Rime
Character	天	地
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	他前切	徒四切
Baxter	then	dijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰen/	/diɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰen/	/di^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛn/	/djɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛn/	/di^H/
Li Rong	/tʰen/	/di^H/
Wang Li	/tʰien/	/di^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰien/	/dʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiān	dì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tin¹	dei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] [l]ˤej-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰl'iːn l'els/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	天	天	地
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiān	xiān	dì
Middle Chinese	‹ then ›	‹ xen ›	‹ dij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁi[n]/	/l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time xˁ- > MC x-)	/*[l]ˁej-s/
English	heaven	heaven	earth, ground
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	天	地
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12387	14808
Phonetic component	天	也
Rime group	眞	歌
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	天	地
Old Chinese	/*qʰl'iːn/	/*l'els/

Noun

天地

(literally) sky and ground; heaven and earth
- 天地玄黃，宇宙洪荒。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天地玄黄，宇宙洪荒。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhou Xingsi, Thousand Character Classic, circa 6^th century CE
  Tiāndì xuánhuáng, yǔzhòu hónghuāng. [Pinyin]
  Heaven and earth is dark and yellow; the universe is vast and chaotic.
(figurative) world; the vast earth; universe
- 天地與我並存，而萬物與我為一。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天地与我并存，而万物与我为一。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Tiāndì yǔ wǒ bìngcún, ér wànwù yǔ wǒ wèi yī. [Pinyin]
  The universe and I came into being together; and I, and everything therein, are One.
- 人心生一念，天地盡皆知。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  人心生一念，天地尽皆知。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE
  Rénxīn shēng yīniàn, tiāndì jìn jiēzhī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(figurative, literary) two opposing things; contrasting items
(figurative) scope; field; area; realm; sphere; range
(figurative, now dialectal) situation; plight; predicament

Synonyms

(heaven and earth): 乾坤 (qiánkūn)

Derived terms

不共天地
別有天地／别有天地 (biéyǒutiāndì)
功均天地
同志天地
壺中天地／壶中天地
天地一沙鷗／天地一沙鸥
天地一色
天地不容 (tiāndìbùróng)
天地世間／天地世间
天地之別／天地之别
天地交泰
天地可表
天地君親師／天地君亲师 (tiān dì jūn qīn shī)
天地會／天地会
天地玄黃／天地玄黄
天地萬物／天地万物
天地精華／天地精华
天地良心
天地蓋載／天地盖载
天地造化
天地間／天地间 (tiāndìjiān)
天地頭／天地头
天地鬼神
小天地
感動天地／感动天地
拜天地 (bài tiāndì)
新天地 (xīntiāndì)
闖天地／闯天地
驚天地，泣鬼神／惊天地，泣鬼神 (jīng tiāndì, qì guǐshén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (天地):

→ Japanese: 天(てん)地(ち) (tenchi)
→ Korean: 천지(天地) (cheonji)
→ Vietnamese: thiên địa (天地)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
天	地
てん Grade: 1	ち Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) てんち [téꜜǹchì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [tẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕi]

Noun

天(てん)地(ち) • (tenchi)

heaven and earth; and all things in them.
(by extension) top and bottom
天地無用(てんちむよう) (tenchimuyō)

天地(てんち)ひっくり返(かえ)し
tenchi hikkurikaeshi
(please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

宇(う)宙(ちゅう) (uchū): the universe
自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen): nature
世(せ)界(かい) (sekai): the world
万(ばん)象(しょう) (banshō): all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature
万(ばん)物(ぶつ) (banbutsu): all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature

References

NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
天	地

Noun

天地 • (cheonji) (hangeul 천지)

Hanja form^? of 천지 (“heaven and earth”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
天	地

Noun

天地

chữ Hán form of thiên địa (“heaven and earth”).

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[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

天地

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

See also

Further reading

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun