堅守

See also: 坚守

Chinese

		strong; solid; firm strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute	to guard
trad. (堅守)		堅	守
simp. (坚守)		坚	守

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiānshǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄕㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹ sau²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên-sú / kiân-sú
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kian-siú

(Teochew, Peng'im): giang¹ siu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiānshǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄕㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jianshǒu
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹-shou³
  - Yale: jyān-shǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianshoou
  - Palladius: цзяньшоу (czjanʹšou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɛn⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    堅守／坚守
    監守／监守
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin¹ sau²
  - Yale: gīn sáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹ sau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin¹ seo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên-sú
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien´ su`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ su³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴ su³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân-sú
  - Hakka Romanization System: gian´ su`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ su³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴ su³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-siú
  - Tâi-lô: kian-siú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiensiuo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɕiu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn³³ ɕiu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɕiu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕiu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕiu⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giang¹ siu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiang siú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ³³⁻²³ siu⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /ken ɕɨu^X/

Rime
Character	堅	守
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	古賢切	書九切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ken/	/ɕɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ken/	/ɕiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛn/	/ɕiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛn/	/ɕuw^X/
Li Rong	/ken/	/ɕiu^X/
Wang Li	/kien/	/ɕĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kien/	/ɕi̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān	shǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin¹	sau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤi[ŋ] s-tuʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kiːn qʰljuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堅	守
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiān	shǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ ken ›	‹ syuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁi[ŋ]/	/*s-tuʔ/
English	spoillliadr, strong	keep, guard
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堅	守
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	1330	11666
Phonetic component	臣	守
Rime group	眞	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	堅	首
Old Chinese	/*kiːn/	/*qʰljuʔ/
Notes		從宀從寸象掌守護家業之事，或許肘亦聲

Verb

堅守

to hole up in a place; to dig in and refuse to give up; to fight until the end without giving up; to vigorously defend oneself without giving up; to uphold

Synonyms

固守 (gùshǒu)

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