固執

See also: 固执

Chinese
 
hard; strong; solid
hard; strong; solid; sure
 execute (a plan); grasp
trad. (固執) 固 執
simp. (固执) 固 执

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 固 執
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 緝 (141)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 古暮切 之入切
Baxter kuH tsyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kuoH/ /t͡ɕiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kuoH/ /t͡ɕip̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /koH/ /t͡ɕjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɔH/ /cip̚/
Li
Rong		 /koH/ /t͡ɕiəp̚/
Wang
Li		 /kuH/ /t͡ɕĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kuoH/ /t͡ɕi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gù zhi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gu3 zap1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 固 執
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gù zhí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kuH › ‹ tsyip ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˁa-s/ /*[t]ip/
English fortified, secure seize

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 固 執
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 4230 17290
Phonetic
component		 古 執
Rime
group		 魚 緝
Rime
subdivision		 0 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 顧 執
Old
Chinese		 /*kaːs/ /*tjib/
Notes 甲金文象梏人雙手，
幸象梏非聲

Adjective

固執

  1. stubborn; obstinate

Synonyms

Verb

固執

  1. to stubbornly stick with; to persist in; to cling to

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (固執):

Japanese
Kanji in this term
固 執
こ
Grade: 4		 しゅう
Grade: S
kan’on on’yomi
Kanji in this term
固 執
こ
Grade: 4		 しつ
Grade: S
kan’on kan’yōon

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こしゅう [kòshúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ɕɨᵝː]
  • (Tokyo) こしつ [kòshítsú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ɕit͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

固(こ)執(しゅう) or 固(こ)執(しつ) • (koshū or koshitsu) 

  1. persistence

Verb

固(こ)執(しゅう)する or 固(こ)執(しつ)する • (koshū suru or koshitsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 固(こ)執(しゅう)し (koshū shi), past 固(こ)執(しゅう)した (koshū shita))

  1. persist in one's view; stick, cling to one's belief; insist on doing

Conjugation
Conjugation of "固執する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 固執し こしつし koshitsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 固執し こしつし koshitsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 固執する こしつする koshitsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 固執する こしつする koshitsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 固執すれ こしつすれ koshitsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 固執せよ¹
固執しろ²		 こしつせよ¹
こしつしろ²		 koshitsu seyo¹
koshitsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 固執される こしつされる koshitsu sareru
Causative 固執させる
固執さす		 こしつさせる
こしつさす		 koshitsu saseru
koshitsu sasu
Potential 固執できる こしつできる koshitsu dekiru
Volitional 固執しよう こしつしよう koshitsu shiyō
Negative 固執しない こしつしない koshitsu shinai
Negative continuative 固執せず こしつせず koshitsu sezu
Formal 固執します こしつします koshitsu shimasu
Perfective 固執した こしつした koshitsu shita
Conjunctive 固執して こしつして koshitsu shite
Hypothetical conditional 固執すれば こしつすれば koshitsu sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
固執

Noun

固執 • (gojip) (hangeul 고집)

  1. Hanja form? of 고집 (“stubbornness”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
固執

Adjective

固執

  1. chữ Hán form of cố chấp (“intransigent, unreasonable”).
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