嗜む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
嗜
たしな
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Etymology

Shift in meaning from 窘(たしな)む (tashinamu), from たしない (tashinai, “difficult, agonizing; poor, lacking”, an adjective) + む (-mu), from たし (tashi, an element also found in 確(たし)か (tashika, “certain; reliable”) and たしに (tashi ni)) + ない (-nai, “very much that quality or state”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

嗜(たしな)む • (tashinamu) transitive godan (stem 嗜(たしな)み (tashinami), past 嗜(たしな)んだ (tashinanda))

  1. have a taste for
  2. to master (an art or skill)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "嗜む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 嗜ま たしなま tashinama
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 嗜み たしなみ tashinami
Shūshikei ("terminal") 嗜む たしなむ tashinamu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 嗜む たしなむ tashinamu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 嗜め たしなめ tashiname
Meireikei ("imperative") 嗜め たしなめ tashiname
Key constructions
Passive 嗜まれる たしなまれる tashinamareru
Causative 嗜ませる
嗜ます		 たしなませる
たしなます		 tashinamaseru
tashinamasu
Potential 嗜める たしなめる tashinameru
Volitional 嗜もう たしなもう tashinamō
Negative 嗜まない たしなまない tashinamanai
Negative continuative 嗜まず たしなまず tashinamazu
Formal 嗜みます たしなみます tashinamimasu
Perfective 嗜んだ たしなんだ tashinanda
Conjunctive 嗜んで たしなんで tashinande
Hypothetical conditional 嗜めば たしなめば tashinameba
Classical conjugation of "嗜む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 嗜またしなまtasinama
Continuative (連用形) 嗜みたしなみtasinami
Terminal (終止形) 嗜むたしなむtasinamu
Attributive (連体形) 嗜むたしなむtasinamu
Realis (已然形) 嗜めたしなめtasiname
Imperative (命令形) 嗜めたしなめtasiname
Key constructions
Negative 嗜まずたしなまずtasinamazu
Contrasting conjunction 嗜めどたしなめどtasinamedo
Causal conjunction 嗜めばたしなめばtasinameba
Conditional conjunction 嗜まばたしなまばtasinamaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 嗜みきたしなみきtasinamiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 嗜みけりたしなみけりtasinamikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 嗜みつたしなみつtasinamitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 嗜みぬたしなみぬtasinaminu
Perfect-continuative tense 嗜めり
嗜みたり		たしなめり
たしなみたり		tasinameri
tasinamitari
Volitional 嗜まむたしなまむtasinamamu

References
  1. “嗜む”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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