| commerce; consult | merchant; to buy | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (商賈) | 商 | 賈 | |
| simp. (商贾) | 商 | 贾 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 商 | 賈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 式羊切 | 公戸切 |
| Baxter | syang | kuX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɕɨɐŋ/ | /kuoX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɕiɐŋ/ | /kuoX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɕiɑŋ/ | /koX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɕɨaŋ/ | /kɔX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɕiaŋ/ | /koX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɕĭaŋ/ | /kuX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɕi̯aŋ/ | /kuoX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shāng | gǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
soeng1 | gu2 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 商 | 賈 |
| Reading # | 3/3 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shāng | gǔ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ syang › | ‹ kuX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-taŋ/ | /*C.qˁaʔ/ |
| English | estimate; business; trader | merchant; do business |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 商 | 賈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| No. | 11097 | 14205 |
| Phonetic component |
商 | 襾 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
商 | 古 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hljaŋ/ | /*klaːʔ/ |