同じ

See also: 同し

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
同
おな
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨onazi⟩ → /onaʑi/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ənansi.

An irregular adjective even in Classical Japanese (where the attributive form was usually 同じ), it has become more irregular in the modern language, mixing attributes of -i adjectives and -na adjectives (and sometimes neither).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “explain shift from -shiku to -nari to no conjugation needed.”)

Pronunciation

Adjective

同(おな)じ • (onaji) 

  1. same, identical
    その本(ほん)は同(おな)じ著者(ちょしゃ)による。
    Sono hon wa onaji chosha ni yoru.
    That book is written by the same author.
  2. common, similar
Usage notes
  • In modern Japanese, the adjective normally follows -na inflection (形容動詞), but modifies a noun directly without the suffix な (-na).
    同(おな)じ空(そら)の下(した) ― onaji sora no shita ― under the same sky
  • When attaching ので or のに, な is still needed as in 同じなので or 同じなのに.
Conjugation
Derived terms
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:同じ.

Idioms
Proverbs
  • 一寸(いっすん)切(き)らるるも二寸切(にすんき)らるるも同(おな)じ事(こと) (issun kiraruru mo nisun kiraruru mo onaji koto)
  • 下駄(げた)も仏(ほとけ)も同(おな)じ木(き)のきれ (geta mo hotoke mo onaji ki no kire)
  • 田(た)を行(ゆ)くも畔(あぜ)を行(ゆ)くも同(おな)じ道(みち) (ta o yuku mo aze o yuku mo onaji michi)

Adverb

同(おな)じ • (onaji) 

  1. anyhow, anyway

Noun

同(おな)じ • (onaji) 

  1. (informal) The iteration mark 々, which indicates that the previous kanji ought to be repeated.
    Synonyms: 漢字返し (kanji gaeshi), 同の字点 (dō no jiten), ノマ (noma), 繰り返し (kurikaeshi), 同じく (onajiku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
同
おな > おんな
Grade: 2
irregular

/onaʑi/ → /onːaʑi/

Long-pronounced form of onaji above.

Compare 南 (minami → minnami, “south”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

同(おんな)じ • (onnaji) 

  1. (colloquial) same, identical
  2. (colloquial) common, similar
Conjugation

Adverb

同(おんな)じ • (onnaji) 

  1. (colloquial) anyhow, anyway

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
同
どう
Grade: 2
kan’yōon

The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative”) forms of various verbs.

Verb

同(どう)じ • (dōji) 

  1. imperfective and stem (or continuative) forms of 同じる (dōjiru) [ichidan]: agreeing
  2. imperfective and stem (or continuative) forms of 同ずる (dōzuru) [irregular]: agreeing

See also

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Possibly derived from pronoun 己 (ono2, “I, oneself”) + adjectival suffix し (-si).[1]

  • *⟨ono2 zi⟩ (unattested) → ⟨onazi⟩ → /onaʑi/

Adjective

同じ (onazi) (kana おなじ)

  1. same, identical
  2. common, similar
Conjugation
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:同じ.

Descendants
  • Japanese: 同じ (onaji)

Etymology 2

Derived from 祖 (oya, “parent, ancestor”) + adjectival suffix し (-si).[2]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Why this is obsolete?”)

Adjective

同じ (oyazi) (kana おやじ)

  1. same, identical
  2. common, similar
Conjugation
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:同じ.

References

  1. “同”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
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