古い

Japanese

Kanji in this term
古
ふる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
旧い (uncommon)
故い (rare)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū completed in 759.[1]

In turn, derived from verb 旧る (furu, “to age, to become older”, said of both things and people) + し (shi, Old and Classical Japanese adjective-forming suffix),[2] with the verb itself also attested in the Man'yōshū.[1][2]

The modern form furui emerged as a regular shift from furuki, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of classical adjective 古し (furushi).

⟨puruki1⟩ → */purukʲi/ → /furui/

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "古い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 古く ふ​るく
ふる​く
[fúꜜrùkù]
[fùrúꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 古い ふる​い [fùrúꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 古い ふる​い [fùrúꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 古くない ふ​るくない
ふる​くない
[fúꜜrùkùnàì]
[fùrúꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 古かった ふ​るかった
ふる​かった
[fúꜜrùkàttà]
[fùrúꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 古くなかった ふ​るくなかった
ふる​くなかった
[fúꜜrùkùnàkàttà]
[fùrúꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 古いです ふる​いです [fùrúꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 古くて ふ​るくて
ふる​くて
[fúꜜrùkùtè]
[fùrúꜜkùtè]
Conditional 古ければ ふ​るければ
ふる​ければ
[fúꜜrùkèrèbà]
[fùrúꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

古(ふる)い • (furui) -i (adverbial 古(ふる)く (furuku))

  1. [from 759] (not of a person) old, aged, antiquated
    私(わたし)は以前(いぜん)古(ふる)いロールスロイスを持(も)っていた。
    Watashi wa izen furui Rōrusu-Roisu o motte ita.
    I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.
    私(わたし)は古(ふる)いランプを買(か)った。
    Watashi wa furui ranpu o katta.
    I bought an old lamp.

Inflection

Antonyms

Derived terms

  • 古(ふる)い革袋(かわぶくろ)に新(あたら)しい酒(さけ)を盛(も)る (furui kawabukuro ni atarashii sake o moru, “to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles”)
  • 新(あたら)しい酒(さけ)は古(ふる)い革袋(かわぶくろ)に入(い)れる (atarashii sake wa furui kawabukuro ni ireru, “to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles”)

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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