公卿

Originally a clipping of 三公九卿 (Sāngōng Jiǔqīng).

公卿

1. (literary) the Three Excellencies and Nine Ministers
2. (literary) generic term for all of the high-level ministers and officials within the government

• 三公 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^zh
• 九卿 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^zh

/kuᵑ kʲau/ → /kuɡʲau/ → /kuɡʲɔː/ → /kuɡʲoː/

From Middle Chinese 公卿 (MC kuwng khjaeng). The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Separately, the 公 (kō, literally “official”) collectively refers to the 太政大臣 (daijō-daijin, “chancellor of the realm”), 左大臣 (sadaijin, “minister of the left”), and 右大臣 (udaijin, “minister of the right”); and 卿 (kei, literally “state minister”) the 大納言 (dainagon, “upper counselor”), 中納言 (chūnagon, “middle counselor”), the court nobility of the third rank or higher, and the 参議 (sangi, “state counselors”).

• (Tokyo) く​ぎょー [kúꜜgyòò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɡʲo̞ː]

公(く)卿(ぎょう) • (kugyō) ^{←くぎやう (kugyau)?}

1. (politics, historical) a court nobleman; the nobility

   Synonyms: 上達部 (kandachime), 公家 (kuge), 卿相 (keishō), 月卿 (gekkei)

2. a small lacquered 膳 (zen, “tray table”) used by kugyō nobles

From Middle Chinese 公卿 (MC kuwng khjaeng).

The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

• (Tokyo) こーけー [kòókéé] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːke̞ː]

公(こう)卿(けい) • (kōkei) 

1. (historical) the 三公 (Sankō, “Three Excellencies”) and 九卿 (Kyūkei, “Nine Ministers”) in ancient China
2. (by extension, politics, historical) Same as くぎょう (kugyō) above

• 三(さん)公(こう)九(きゅう)卿(けい) (Sankō Kyūkei)

⟨mape₁ tu ki₁mi₁⟩ → */mapʲetukʲimʲi/ → /maɸet͡ɕʉɡimi/ → /maũt͡ɕiɡimi/ → /mɔːt͡ɕiɡimi/ → /moːt͡ɕiɡimi/

Shift from Old Japanese 公卿 (mape₁tuki₁mi₁ → maetsukimi).[1]

Refers to noblemen who serve before the Emperor.

公卿(もうちぎみ) • (mōchigimi) ^{←まうちぎみ (mautigimi)?}

1. (honorific, archaic) a senior court official

For quotations using this term, see Citations:公卿.

• 大臣(おおいもうちぎみ) (ōimōchigimi, “Daijō-kan senior official”)
• 姫(ひめ)大夫(もうちぎみ) (himemōchigimi)

/maut͡ɕiɡimi/ → /mɔ̃t͡ɕiɡimi/ → /mat͡ɕiɡimi/

Shift from mōchigimi above, historical mauchigimi.[1]

公卿(まちぎみ) • (machigimi) 

1. (honorific, archaic, rare) a senior court official

• 太政大臣(おおまつりごとのおおまつぎみ) (ōmatsurigoto no ōmatsugimi, Wamyōshō spelling)

Coined by Motoori Norinaga in 1798.[2]

Shift from either Old Japanese 公卿 (mape₁tuki₁mi₁ → maetsukimi), mōchigimi (historical mauchigimi), or machigimi above.

公卿(まつぎみ) • (matsugimi) 

1. (honorific, archaic, rare) a senior court official

For quotations using this term, see Citations:公卿.

公卿 • (gonggyeong) (hangeul 공경)

1. Hanja form^? of 공경.

• 卿, 大夫

Originally a compound of 前 (mape₁, “head, in front”) +‎ つ (tu, possessive particle) +‎ 君 (ki₁mi₁, “emperor”).[1]

Refers to noblemen who serve before the Emperor.

公卿 (mape₁tuki₁mi₁) (kana まへつきみ)

1. (honorific) a senior court official

For quotations using this term, see Citations:公卿.

• 大臣 (opomape₁tuki₁mi₁)

• Japanese: 公卿 (maetsukimi → maetsugimi → mōchigimi, in modern Japanese dictionaries)
  • 大臣 (ōmaetsugimi, “Daijō-kan senior official”)

Possibly a shift from mape₁tuki₁mi₁ above.

公卿 (matiki₁mi₁) (kana まちきみ)

1. (honorific, rare) a senior court official

For quotations using this term, see Citations:公卿.

• 姫大夫 (pi₁me₁matiki₁mi₁)

• Japanese: 公卿 (machigimi)