| scholar; Confucian | ‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does sth) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (儒者) | 儒 | 者 | |
| simp. #(儒者) | 儒 | 者 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 儒 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 人朱切 | 章也切 |
| Baxter | nyu | tsyaeX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵɨo/ | /t͡ɕiaX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵio/ | /t͡ɕiaX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑio/ | /t͡ɕiaX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵuə̆/ | /ciaX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵio/ | /t͡ɕiaX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭu/ | /t͡ɕĭaX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯u/ | /t͡ɕi̯aX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
rú | zhě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
jyu4 | ze2 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 儒 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
rú | zhě |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyu › | ‹ tsyæX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*no/ | /*tAʔ/ |
| English | 侏儒 zhūrú "dwarf", scholar, Confucianism (not in original list) |
(nominalizing particle) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 儒 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13969 | 16960 |
| Phonetic component |
需 | 者 |
| Rime group |
侯 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
儒 | 者 |
| Old Chinese |
/*njo/ | /*tjaːʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說 | |