亂世

See also: 乱世

Chinese

		in confusion; disorderly	life; age; generation life; age; generation; era; world; lifetime
trad. (亂世)		亂	世
simp. (乱世)		乱	世

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): luànshì

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄢˋ ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lyun⁶ sai³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): loān-sè / loān-sì

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: luànshì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˋ ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: luànshìh
  - Wade–Giles: luan⁴-shih⁴
  - Yale: lwàn-shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luannshyh
  - Palladius: луаньши (luanʹši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    亂世／乱世
    亂視／乱视
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lyun⁶ sai³
  - Yale: lyuhn sai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lyn⁶ sai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: lün⁶ sei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyːn²² sɐi̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loān-sè
  - Tâi-lô: luān-sè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loaxnsex
  - IPA (Xiamen): /luan²²⁻²¹ se²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /luan⁴¹⁻²² se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /luan³³⁻²¹ se²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /luan³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loān-sì
  - Tâi-lô: luān-sì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loaxnsix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /luan²²⁻²¹ si²¹/

Middle Chinese: lwanH syejH

Rime
Character	亂	世
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	郎段切	舒制切
Baxter	lwanH	syejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luɑn^H/	/ɕiᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷɑn^H/	/ɕiɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/luɑn^H/	/ɕjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwan^H/	/ɕiaj^H/
Li Rong	/luɑn^H/	/ɕiɛi^H/
Wang Li	/luɑn^H/	/ɕĭɛi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/luɑn^H/	/ɕi̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luàn	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lyun⁶	sai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤo[n]-s l̥ap-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*roːns hljebs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亂	世
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	luàn	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ lwan^H ›	‹ syej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁo[n]-s/	/*l̥ap-s/
English	disorder, rebellion	generation
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亂	世
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8645	11537
Phonetic component	亂	世
Rime group	元	蓋
Rime subdivision	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	亂	丗
Old Chinese	/*roːns/	/*hljebs/
Notes		本枼葉初文（文源）

Noun

亂世

(literary) unsettled and chaotic times

Synonyms

(literary) 濁世／浊世 (zhuóshì)

Derived terms

寧為太平犬，不做亂世人／宁为太平犬，不做乱世人 (nìng wéi tàipíng quǎn, bù zuò luànshì rén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (亂世):

→ Japanese: 乱世(らんせい) (ransei)
→ Korean: 란세(亂世) (ranse), 난세(亂世) (nanse)
→ Vietnamese: loạn thế (亂世)

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