くつ

Japanese

Etymology 1
Alternative spellings
靴
沓 (uncommon)
履 (uncommon)
鞋 (uncommon)
鞾 (uncommon)

⟨kutu⟩: */kutu/ → /kut͡su/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū poetry compilation, completed circa 759.[1]

Ultimate derivation unclear. Some Japanese sources suggest a borrowing from or cognate with Korean 구두 (gudu, “shoes”),[2] but then some Korean sources suggest that the Korean term was borrowed from Japanese 靴 (kutsu, “shoes”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Noun

くつ • (kutsu) 

  1. 靴: footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3399:
      , text here:
      信濃道者 伊麻能波里美知 可里婆祢尓 安思布麻之<奈牟> 久都波氣和我世
      信(しな)濃(ぬ)道(ぢ)は　今(いま)の墾(は)り道(みち)　刈(か)りばねに　足(あし)踏(ふ)ましなむ　沓(くつ)はけ我(わ)が背(せ)
      shinanuji wa ima no harimichi karibane ni ashi fumashinamu kutsu hake wagase
      the Shinano road has just been opened; wear shoes, my brother / my dear, so you do not step on the brush stubble [in your bare feet]
Synonyms
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Alternative spelling
口

/kutu/ → /kut͡su/

From Old Japanese. Appears in compound terms listed in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 938 CE.

The ancient combining form of modern 口(くち) (kuchi).[1] Likely the original form.

No longer productive in modern Japanese. Only found in older compounds.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]
  • The pitch accent is derived from the entire compound word.

Noun

くつ • (kutsu) 

  1. 口: prefixal bound form of くち (kuchi, “mouth”)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 3
Alternative spelling
朽つ

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[6]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Verb

くつ • (kutsu) †nidan

  1. 朽つ: Classical Japanese form of くちる (kuchiru)

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "くつ" (タ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) くちkuti
Continuative (連用形) くちkuti
Terminal (終止形) くつkutu
Attributive (連体形) くつるkuturu
Realis (已然形) くつれkuture
Imperative (命令形) くちよkutiyo
Key constructions
Negative くちずkutizu
Contrasting conjunction くつれどkuturedo
Causal conjunction くつればkutureba
Conditional conjunction くちばkutiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) くちきkutiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) くちけりkutikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) くちつkutitu
Perfect tense (natural event) くちぬkutinu
Perfect-continuative tense くちたりkutitari
Volitional くちむkutimu

Etymology 4
For pronunciation and definitions of くつ – see the following entries: 倔, 屈

(The following entries are uncreated: 倔, 屈.)

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. “くつ”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. “朽”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
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