ورس

See also: ورش

Arabic

ورس

Etymology

Cognate to Classical Syriac ܘܐܪܫܐ (wʾršʾ), ܘܪܘܫ (wrwš), ܘܪܝܫܐ (wryšʾ), ܘܪܫܐ (wršʾ), which shows by its initial /w/, as this in inherited Northwest Semitic words becomes /j/, that it is a foreign word. The varying vocalization of the Arabic may indicate an Iranian borrowing akin to Persian (vaš, “flax or boll thereof; uncleaned cotton; a kind of rich satin or other textile”), Old Armenian վուշ (vuš, “flax; tows thereof”), as /a/ regularly switches to /u/ after initial labial during the transition from Middle Persian to Persian in most of its regiolects.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /wars/, /wa.ras/, /wurs/, /wu.rus/

Noun

وَرْس or وَرَس or وُرْس or وُرُس • (wars or waras or wurs or wurus) m

Flemingia macrophylla syns. Flemingia rhodocarpa, Flemingia grahamiana, a perennial shrub native to Yemen cultivated because the red glands of it secrete a yellow powder used as a pigment and medicinally, but also for a red pigment from the ground hairs of the red fruits, as well as for medicinal purposes
Synonym: غُمْرَة (ḡumra)
- 975–997, محمد بن أحمد الخوارزمي [muḥammad ibn ʕaḥmad al-ḵwārizmī], edited by Gerlof van Vloten, مفاتيح العلوم [mafātīḥ al-ʕulūm], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1895, pages 169 line 12–170 line 2:
  الَوْرْس يجلب من اليمن أحمر قانٍ يوجد على قشور شجر ينحت منها ويجمع وهو شبيه بالزعفران المسحوق
  Wars is imported from Yemen, blood-red, produces a tree-rind hewn out and collected and it is similar to brayed saffron.
  commented in Seidel, Ernst (1915) “Die Medizin im Kitâb Mafâtîḥ al ʿUlûm”, in Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-Medizinischen Sozietät zu Erlangen‎ (in German), volume 47, page 37 Anm. 89

Declension

Declension of noun وَرْس (wars)‎; وَرَس (waras)‎; وُرْس (wurs)‎; وُرُس (wurus)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	وَرْس‎; وَرَس‎; وُرْس‎; وُرُس wars‎; waras‎; wurs‎; wurus	الْوَرْس‎; الْوَرَس‎; الْوُرْس‎; الْوُرُس al-wars‎; al-waras‎; al-wurs‎; al-wurus	وَرْس‎; وَرَس‎; وُرْس‎; وُرُس wars‎; waras‎; wurs‎; wurus
Nominative	وَرْسٌ‎; وَرَسٌ‎; وُرْسٌ‎; وُرُسٌ warsun‎; warasun‎; wursun‎; wurusun	الْوَرْسُ‎; الْوَرَسُ‎; الْوُرْسُ‎; الْوُرُسُ al-warsu‎; al-warasu‎; al-wursu‎; al-wurusu	وَرْسُ‎; وَرَسُ‎; وُرْسُ‎; وُرُسُ warsu‎; warasu‎; wursu‎; wurusu
Accusative	وَرْسًا‎; وَرَسًا‎; وُرْسًا‎; وُرُسًا warsan‎; warasan‎; wursan‎; wurusan	الْوَرْسَ‎; الْوَرَسَ‎; الْوُرْسَ‎; الْوُرُسَ al-warsa‎; al-warasa‎; al-wursa‎; al-wurusa	وَرْسَ‎; وَرَسَ‎; وُرْسَ‎; وُرُسَ warsa‎; warasa‎; wursa‎; wurusa
Genitive	وَرْسٍ‎; وَرَسٍ‎; وُرْسٍ‎; وُرُسٍ warsin‎; warasin‎; wursin‎; wurusin	الْوَرْسِ‎; الْوَرَسِ‎; الْوُرْسِ‎; الْوُرُسِ al-warsi‎; al-warasi‎; al-wursi‎; al-wurusi	وَرْسِ‎; وَرَسِ‎; وُرْسِ‎; وُرُسِ warsi‎; warasi‎; wursi‎; wurusi

Verb

وَرَّسَ • (warrasa) II, non-past يُوَرِّسُ‎ (yuwarrisu)

to dye with Flemingia macrophylla

Conjugation

Conjugation of

وَرَّسَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَوْرِيس tawrīs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُوَرِّس muwarris
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُوَرَّس muwarras
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	وَرَّسْتُ warrastu	وَرَّسْتَ warrasta	وَرَّسَ warrasa	وَرَّسْتُمَا warrastumā	وَرَّسَا warrasā	وَرَّسْنَا warrasnā	وَرَّسْتُمْ warrastum	وَرَّسُوا warrasū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	وَرَّسْتُ warrastu	وَرَّسْتِ warrasti	وَرَّسَتْ warrasat	وَرَّسْتُمَا warrastumā	وَرَّسَتَا warrasatā	وَرَّسْنَا warrasnā	وَرَّسْتُنَّ warrastunna	وَرَّسْنَ warrasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُوَرِّسُ ʔuwarrisu	تُوَرِّسُ tuwarrisu	يُوَرِّسُ yuwarrisu	تُوَرِّسَانِ tuwarrisāni	يُوَرِّسَانِ yuwarrisāni	نُوَرِّسُ nuwarrisu	تُوَرِّسُونَ tuwarrisūna	يُوَرِّسُونَ yuwarrisūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُوَرِّسُ ʔuwarrisu	تُوَرِّسِينَ tuwarrisīna	تُوَرِّسُ tuwarrisu	تُوَرِّسَانِ tuwarrisāni	تُوَرِّسَانِ tuwarrisāni	نُوَرِّسُ nuwarrisu	تُوَرِّسْنَ tuwarrisna	يُوَرِّسْنَ yuwarrisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُوَرِّسَ ʔuwarrisa	تُوَرِّسَ tuwarrisa	يُوَرِّسَ yuwarrisa	تُوَرِّسَا tuwarrisā	يُوَرِّسَا yuwarrisā	نُوَرِّسَ nuwarrisa	تُوَرِّسُوا tuwarrisū	يُوَرِّسُوا yuwarrisū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُوَرِّسَ ʔuwarrisa	تُوَرِّسِي tuwarrisī	تُوَرِّسَ tuwarrisa	تُوَرِّسَا tuwarrisā	تُوَرِّسَا tuwarrisā	نُوَرِّسَ nuwarrisa	تُوَرِّسْنَ tuwarrisna	يُوَرِّسْنَ yuwarrisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُوَرِّسْ ʔuwarris	تُوَرِّسْ tuwarris	يُوَرِّسْ yuwarris	تُوَرِّسَا tuwarrisā	يُوَرِّسَا yuwarrisā	نُوَرِّسْ nuwarris	تُوَرِّسُوا tuwarrisū	يُوَرِّسُوا yuwarrisū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُوَرِّسْ ʔuwarris	تُوَرِّسِي tuwarrisī	تُوَرِّسْ tuwarris	تُوَرِّسَا tuwarrisā	تُوَرِّسَا tuwarrisā	نُوَرِّسْ nuwarris	تُوَرِّسْنَ tuwarrisna	يُوَرِّسْنَ yuwarrisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		وَرِّسْ warris		وَرِّسَا warrisā			وَرِّسُوا warrisū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		وَرِّسِي warrisī		وَرِّسَا warrisā			وَرِّسْنَ warrisna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	وُرِّسْتُ wurristu	وُرِّسْتَ wurrista	وُرِّسَ wurrisa	وُرِّسْتُمَا wurristumā	وُرِّسَا wurrisā	وُرِّسْنَا wurrisnā	وُرِّسْتُمْ wurristum	وُرِّسُوا wurrisū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	وُرِّسْتُ wurristu	وُرِّسْتِ wurristi	وُرِّسَتْ wurrisat	وُرِّسْتُمَا wurristumā	وُرِّسَتَا wurrisatā	وُرِّسْنَا wurrisnā	وُرِّسْتُنَّ wurristunna	وُرِّسْنَ wurrisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُوَرَّسُ ʔuwarrasu	تُوَرَّسُ tuwarrasu	يُوَرَّسُ yuwarrasu	تُوَرَّسَانِ tuwarrasāni	يُوَرَّسَانِ yuwarrasāni	نُوَرَّسُ nuwarrasu	تُوَرَّسُونَ tuwarrasūna	يُوَرَّسُونَ yuwarrasūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُوَرَّسُ ʔuwarrasu	تُوَرَّسِينَ tuwarrasīna	تُوَرَّسُ tuwarrasu	تُوَرَّسَانِ tuwarrasāni	تُوَرَّسَانِ tuwarrasāni	نُوَرَّسُ nuwarrasu	تُوَرَّسْنَ tuwarrasna	يُوَرَّسْنَ yuwarrasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُوَرَّسَ ʔuwarrasa	تُوَرَّسَ tuwarrasa	يُوَرَّسَ yuwarrasa	تُوَرَّسَا tuwarrasā	يُوَرَّسَا yuwarrasā	نُوَرَّسَ nuwarrasa	تُوَرَّسُوا tuwarrasū	يُوَرَّسُوا yuwarrasū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُوَرَّسَ ʔuwarrasa	تُوَرَّسِي tuwarrasī	تُوَرَّسَ tuwarrasa	تُوَرَّسَا tuwarrasā	تُوَرَّسَا tuwarrasā	نُوَرَّسَ nuwarrasa	تُوَرَّسْنَ tuwarrasna	يُوَرَّسْنَ yuwarrasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُوَرَّسْ ʔuwarras	تُوَرَّسْ tuwarras	يُوَرَّسْ yuwarras	تُوَرَّسَا tuwarrasā	يُوَرَّسَا yuwarrasā	نُوَرَّسْ nuwarras	تُوَرَّسُوا tuwarrasū	يُوَرَّسُوا yuwarrasū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُوَرَّسْ ʔuwarras	تُوَرَّسِي tuwarrasī	تُوَرَّسْ tuwarras	تُوَرَّسَا tuwarrasā	تُوَرَّسَا tuwarrasā	نُوَرَّسْ nuwarras	تُوَرَّسْنَ tuwarrasna	يُوَرَّسْنَ yuwarrasna

Derived terms

وَرِيس (warīs, “garment dyed with wars”)
وَرَّسَ (warrasa, “to dye with wars”)
أَوْرَسَ (ʔawrasa, “to put forth wars”)

Descendants

→ Harari: ወርሲ (wärsi)
→ Somali: waris

References

“wrwš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 186
Freytag, Georg (1837) “ورس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 455b
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ورس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1519b
Lane, Edward William (1863) “ورس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2936b–2937a
Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 26–27
Schönig, Hanne (2002) Schminken, Düfte und Räucherwerk der Jemenitinnen: Lexikon der Substanzen, Utensilien und Techniken (Beiruter Texte und Studien; 91)‎, Würzburg: Ergon-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 297–308

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