هنر

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian (honar).

Noun

هنر • (huner)

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911) “هنر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1329a

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwnl), 𐫍𐫇𐫗𐫡 (hwnr /⁠hunar⁠/, “virtue, ability, skill”), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎼 (ʰuvnara, “talent, capability”), from Proto-Iranian *hu-nara, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (“good”) + *h₂nḗr (“man; power, force, vital energy”). Cognate with Old Armenian հնար (hnar, “means, way”) (from Iranian), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬭𐬀 m (hunara, “skill, strength”), Sanskrit सूनर (sū-nára, “possessing vital strength, mighty, prosperous, beautiful”).

Compare also formally identical formations in other Indo-European languages: Old Irish so-nirt, so-nairt (“strong”), Welsh hy-nerth (“mighty”), Ancient Greek εὐ-ήνωρ (eu-ḗnōr, “manly”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [hu.ˈnaɾ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hʊ.nǽɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔʊ.nǽɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔu.nǽɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ho.nǽɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hu.nǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	hunar
Dari reading^?	hunar
Iranian reading^?	honar
Tajik reading^?	hunar

Audio (Iran) (file)
Rhymes: -ær

Noun


Iranian Persian	هنر
Dari	هنر
Tajik	ҳунар

هنر • (honar) (plural هنرها (honar-hâ))

art
― honar-hâ-ye tajasomi ― visual arts

― honar-hâ-ye zibâ ― fine arts
(archaic) craft, ability, art
Synonyms: صنعت (san'at), فن (fann)
(archaic) knowledge, wisdom
Synonyms: دانش (dâneš), علم ('elm)

Derived terms

هنر پرور (honar-parvar, “patron of art”)
هنرستان (honarestân, “art school”)
هنرمند (honarmand, “artist, artistic”)
هنرمندانه (honarmandâne, “artfully”)
هنرور (honarvar, “artful”)
هنرپیشه (honarpiše, “artist”)
هنری (honari, “artistic”)

Descendants

→ Armenian: հունար (hunar), հյուներ (hyuner)
→ Azerbaijani: hünər
→ Baluchi: ہنر (hwnər)
→ Bashkir: һөнәр (hönər)
→ Georgian: უნარი (unari)
→ Gujarati: હુન્નર (hunnar)
→ Hindustani: hunar
Hindi: हुनर

Urdu: ہُنَر
→ Kazakh: өнер (öner)
→ Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: huner, hiner
→ Kyrgyz: өнөр (önör)
→ Ottoman Turkish: هنر (huner)
- Turkish: hüner
- → Greek: χουνέρι (chounéri)
→ Pashto: هنر (hunár)
→ Punjabi: hunar
Gurmukhi script: ਹੁਨਰ

Shahmukhi script: ہُنَر
→ Sindhi: hunaro
Arabic script: هُنَرُ

Devanagari script: हुनर
→ Uyghur: ھۇنەر (huner)
→ Uzbek: hunar

References

Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “հնար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 104b
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Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 1108, pages 247–248
Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 181
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “hunar”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 44
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 493
Nyberg, H. S. (1974) A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 102b
Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 891
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 765
Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 479

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