ع ف ر

Variant of غ ب ر (ḡ-b-r), while ع ف ر • (ʕ-f-r) is less common but common in Hebrew and Aramaic ע־פ־ר. Ge'ez has only አፈር (ʾäfär, “dust”) which is considered a loanword from either Amharic or Hebrew – it is present in Amharic, Harari, Sebat Bet Gurage, Argobba. Sabaean 𐩲𐩰𐩧 (ʿfr) means “to perform, to do consideration”. From Proto-Semitic *ʿapar- (“soil, dust”).

ع ف ر • (ʕ-f-r)

1. related to ash

• Form I: عَفَرَ (ʕafara, “to cover with dust, to soot, to wallow in dust”)
  • Verbal noun: عَفْر (ʕafr)
  • Active participle: عَافِر (ʕāfir)
  • Passive participle: مَعْفُور (maʕfūr)
• Form II: عَفَّرَ (ʕaffara, “synonym of عَفَرَ (ʕafara); to make ash-gray; to pick together, to glean”)
  • Verbal noun: تَعْفِير (taʕfīr)
  • Active participle: مُعَفِّر (muʕaffir)
  • Passive participle: مُعَفَّر (muʕaffar)
• Form III: عَافَرَ (ʕāfara, “to fight, to make cleave the dust”)
  • Verbal noun: مُعَافَرَة (muʕāfara), عِفَار (ʕifār)
  • Active participle: مُعَافِر (muʕāfir)
  • Passive participle: مُعَافَر (muʕāfar)
• Form V: تَعَفَّرَ (taʕaffara, “to become inquinated with dust”)
  • Verbal noun: تَعَفُّر (taʕaffur)
  • Active participle: مُتَعَفِّر (mutaʕaffir)
• Form VI: تَعَافَرَ (taʕāfara, “to be made ash-gray”)
  • Verbal noun: تَعَافُر (taʕāfur)
  • Active participle: مُتَعَافِر (mutaʕāfir)
• Form VII: اِنْعَفَرَ (inʕafara, “to become rubbed or rolled in dust”)
  • Verbal noun: اِنْعِفَار (inʕifār)
  • Active participle: مُنْعَفِر (munʕafir)
• Form VIII: اِعْتَفَرَ (iʕtafara, “to become inquinated with dust”)
  • Verbal noun: اِعْتِفَار (iʕtifār)
  • Active participle: مُعْتَفِر (muʕtafir)

• عِفْر (ʕifr, “farrow”)
• عَفَر (ʕafar, “dust”)
• عُفْرَة (ʕufra, “dust colour”)
• عُفَار (ʕufār, “dust”)
• عَفَار (ʕafār, “certain ignitable plants”)
• عَفَّارَة (ʕaffāra, “pulverizer, atomizer, sprayer”)
• يَعْفُور (yaʕfūr, “gazelle of ash-gray colour”)
• عَفِير (ʕafīr, “dry, dusty”)
• عِفْرِيَة (ʕifriya, “long hair or feathers dangling behind a beast, mane”)
• عَفَّار (ʕaffār, “who pollinates”)
• عِفْرِيت (ʕifrīt, “wicked”)

• Dillmann, August (1865) Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 808
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 10
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ع ف ر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 143
• Freytag, Georg (1835) “ع ف ر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 183–184
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ع ف ر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2089–2091
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ع ف ر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 854