جفا

Arabic

Root
ج ف و (j-f-w)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.faː/

Verb

جَفَا • (jafā) I, non-past يَجْفُو‎ (yajfū)

to become crude, coarse, churlish, rough, unkind (in dealing with others)
مَنْ بَدَا جَفَا ― man badā jafā ― He who abides in the desert, becomes coarse.
to treat harshly
to not keep to its place, to heave, to rise, to become withdrawn
جَفَا جَنْبُهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ ― jafā janbuhu ʕani l-firāši ― His side didn't rest, was restless.

جَفَا السَّرْجُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ ― jafā as-sarju ʕan ẓahri l-farasi ― The saddle didn't keep to its place on the back of the horse.
to turn away from, to shun, to withdraw from
جَفَا الرَّجُلَ ― jafā ar-rajula ― He turned away from the man; He shunned the man.

لَمَّا قَلَّ مَالِي جَفَانِي إِخْوَانِي ― lammā qalla mālī jafānī ʔiḵwānī ― When my property became little, my brethren withdrew from me.
to drive away
جَفَت القِدْر زَبَدَهَا ― jafat al-qidr zabadahā ― the pot cast forth its froth.

جَفَا السَيْل ― jafā as-sayl ― the torrent drove away (things in its course).
(garment or cloth) to be thick, coarse, rough

Conjugation

Conjugation of

جَفَا

(form-I final-weak, verbal nouns جَفْو or جَفَاء)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر					جَفْو or جَفَاء jafw or jafāʔ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					جَافٍ jāfin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَجْفُوّ majfuww
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَفَوْتُ jafawtu	جَفَوْتَ jafawta	جَفَا jafā	جَفَوْتُمَا jafawtumā	جَفَوَا jafawā	جَفَوْنَا jafawnā	جَفَوْتُمْ jafawtum	جَفَوْا jafaw
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	جَفَوْتُ jafawtu	جَفَوْتِ jafawti	جَفَتْ jafat	جَفَوْتُمَا jafawtumā	جَفَتَا jafatā	جَفَوْنَا jafawnā	جَفَوْتُنَّ jafawtunna	جَفَوْنَ jafawna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجْفُو ʔajfū	تَجْفُو tajfū	يَجْفُو yajfū	تَجْفُوَانِ tajfuwāni	يَجْفُوَانِ yajfuwāni	نَجْفُو najfū	تَجْفُونَ tajfūna	يَجْفُونَ yajfūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَجْفُو ʔajfū	تَجْفِينَ tajfīna	تَجْفُو tajfū	تَجْفُوَانِ tajfuwāni	تَجْفُوَانِ tajfuwāni	نَجْفُو najfū	تَجْفُونَ tajfūna	يَجْفُونَ yajfūna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجْفُوَ ʔajfuwa	تَجْفُوَ tajfuwa	يَجْفُوَ yajfuwa	تَجْفُوَا tajfuwā	يَجْفُوَا yajfuwā	نَجْفُوَ najfuwa	تَجْفُوا tajfū	يَجْفُوا yajfū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَجْفُوَ ʔajfuwa	تَجْفِي tajfī	تَجْفُوَ tajfuwa	تَجْفُوَا tajfuwā	تَجْفُوَا tajfuwā	نَجْفُوَ najfuwa	تَجْفُونَ tajfūna	يَجْفُونَ yajfūna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجْفُ ʔajfu	تَجْفُ tajfu	يَجْفُ yajfu	تَجْفُوَا tajfuwā	يَجْفُوَا yajfuwā	نَجْفُ najfu	تَجْفُوا tajfū	يَجْفُوا yajfū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَجْفُ ʔajfu	تَجْفِي tajfī	تَجْفُ tajfu	تَجْفُوَا tajfuwā	تَجْفُوَا tajfuwā	نَجْفُ najfu	تَجْفُونَ tajfūna	يَجْفُونَ yajfūna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُجْفُ ujfu		اُجْفُوَا ujfuwā			اُجْفُوا ujfū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اُجْفِي ujfī		اُجْفُوَا ujfuwā			اُجْفُونَ ujfūna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جُفِيتُ jufītu	جُفِيتَ jufīta	جُفِيَ jufiya	جُفِيتُمَا jufītumā	جُفِيَا jufiyā	جُفِينَا jufīnā	جُفِيتُمْ jufītum	جُفُوا jufū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	جُفِيتُ jufītu	جُفِيتِ jufīti	جُفِيَتْ jufiyat	جُفِيتُمَا jufītumā	جُفِيَتَا jufiyatā	جُفِينَا jufīnā	جُفِيتُنَّ jufītunna	جُفِينَ jufīna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُجْفَى ʔujfā	تُجْفَى tujfā	يُجْفَى yujfā	تُجْفَيَانِ tujfayāni	يُجْفَيَانِ yujfayāni	نُجْفَى nujfā	تُجْفَوْنَ tujfawna	يُجْفَوْنَ yujfawna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُجْفَى ʔujfā	تُجْفَيْنَ tujfayna	تُجْفَى tujfā	تُجْفَيَانِ tujfayāni	تُجْفَيَانِ tujfayāni	نُجْفَى nujfā	تُجْفَيْنَ tujfayna	يُجْفَيْنَ yujfayna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُجْفَى ʔujfā	تُجْفَى tujfā	يُجْفَى yujfā	تُجْفَيَا tujfayā	يُجْفَيَا yujfayā	نُجْفَى nujfā	تُجْفَوْا tujfaw	يُجْفَوْا yujfaw
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُجْفَى ʔujfā	تُجْفَيْ tujfay	تُجْفَى tujfā	تُجْفَيَا tujfayā	تُجْفَيَا tujfayā	نُجْفَى nujfā	تُجْفَيْنَ tujfayna	يُجْفَيْنَ yujfayna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُجْفَ ʔujfa	تُجْفَ tujfa	يُجْفَ yujfa	تُجْفَيَا tujfayā	يُجْفَيَا yujfayā	نُجْفَ nujfa	تُجْفَوْا tujfaw	يُجْفَوْا yujfaw
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُجْفَ ʔujfa	تُجْفَيْ tujfay	تُجْفَ tujfa	تُجْفَيَا tujfayā	تُجْفَيَا tujfayā	نُجْفَ nujfa	تُجْفَيْنَ tujfayna	يُجْفَيْنَ yujfayna

Persian

Alternative forms

جفاء (jafâ')

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَفَاء (jafāʔ).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒa.ˈfɑː]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.fɑ́ː]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.fɑ́ː]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.fɔ́ː]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæ.fɒ́ː]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.fɔ́]

Readings
Classical reading^?	jafā
Dari reading^?	jafā
Iranian reading^?	jafâ
Tajik reading^?	jafo

Noun


Iranian Persian	جفا
Dari	جفا
Tajik	ҷафо

جفا • (jafâ)

disloyalty, betrayal of trust
cruelty; injustice; oppression
- ز فروردین از محمدتقی بهار (Ze Farvardin, Mohammad-Taqi Bahâr)
  دل بلبل نازک است, ای گل
  دل او را از جفا مشکن
  del-e bolbol nâzok ast, ey gol
  del-e u râ az jafâ mašekan
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- یار جانی
  گل زردم
  همه دردم
  ز جفایت شکوه نکردم
  gol-e zardam
  hame dardam
  ze jafâyat šekve nakardam
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Mohammad Reza Rahmani
  وفا نکردی و کردم، جفا ندیدی و دیدم
  شکستی و نشکستم، بریدی و نبریدم
  vafâ nakardi o kardam, jafâ nadidi o didam
  šekasti o našekastam, boridi o naboridam
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

جفا کردن (jafâ kardan)
جفا پیشه (jafâ piše)

Descendants

→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਜਫਾ (japhā)

Shahmukhi script: جفا (jafā)

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