עפר

Hebrew

Etymology
Root
ע־פ־ר (ʿ-p-r)

Perhaps related to אֵפֶר ('éfer, ʾḗp̄er, “ash”). From Proto-Semitic *ʕapar- (“dust”). Compare Aramaic עַפְרָא (ʿap̄rā, “dust”) (absolutive: עֲפָר (ʿăp̄ār)), Arabic غَبَرَة (ḡabara) / غُبَار (ḡubār, “dust”), (perhaps borrowed from Aramaic) عَفَر (ʕafar, “dust”), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎔𐎗 (ʿpr) and Akkadian 𒅖 (eperum, “dust; soil, earth”).

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Noun

עָפָר • ('afár, ʿāp̄ār) m (no plural forms, singular construct עֲפַר־) [pattern: קָטָל]

  1. earth, dirt
  2. (literary) dust
    • Tanach, Psalms 103:14, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      כִּי־הוּא יָדַע יִצְרֵנוּ זָכוּר כִּי־עָפָר אֲנָחְנוּ׃
      Ki hu yadá yitzrénu; zakhúr ki ʿafar anáḥnu
      For He knoweth our frame; He remembereth that we are dust.
  3. (biblical) ashes

Declension
Declension of עָפָר
NumberIsolated formsWith possessive pronouns
StateFormPersonsingularplural
m.f.m.f.
singularindefinite עָפָר first עֲפָרִיעֲפָרֵנוּ
definite הָעָפָר second עֲפָרְךָעֲפָרֵךְעֲפַרְכֶםעֲפַרְכֶן
construct עֲפַר־ third עֲפָרוֹעֲפָרָהּעֲפָרָםעֲפָרָן
pluralindefinite עֲפָרִים first עפריי / עֲפָרַיעֲפָרֵינוּ
definite הָעֲפָרִים second עֲפָרֶיךָעפרייך / עֲפָרַיִךְעֲפָרֵיכֶםעֲפָרֵיכֶן
construct עֲפָרֵי־ third עֲפָרָיועֲפָרֶיהָעֲפָרֵיהֶםעֲפָרֵיהֶן

Synonyms

Noun

עֹפֶר • ('ófer) m

  1. defective spelling of עופר

Adjective

עָפֹר • ('afór) m

  1. defective spelling of עפור

References
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