ծառ

From Old Armenian ծառ (caṙ).

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• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [t͡sɑr]
• (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [d͡zɑr]

ծառ • (caṙ)

1. tree

• տոնածառ (tonacaṙ)

Disputed.

Pedersen connects with Ancient Greek γάρρα (gárrha, “rod, wand”), γάρσανα (gársana, “brushwood”), γέρρον (gérrhon, “wattle-fence”) and Old Norse kjarr (“copsewood, brush-wood, thicket”). This is accepted by Walde, Pokorny and Ačaṙean, who reconstruct Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥so- for Armenian, the zero-grade of the root *ǵers- (“to twist; to plait things from flexible twigs”).

On the other hand, according to Diakonoff we are dealing with a word of Hurro-Urartian origin: compare Urartian 𒄑𒍝𒀀𒊑 (GIŠ.za-a-ri /⁠ṣârə, zari, zare, šari⁠/, “orchard”), Hurrian 𒊬𒈨 (sar-me, “wood”).

ծառ • (caṙ)

1. tree

   մատաղատունկ ծառ ― matałatunk caṙ ― sapling

   հինաւուրց, զառամ ծառ ― hinawurcʻ, zaṙam caṙ ― old tree

   պտղատու ծառ ― ptłatu caṙ ― fruit tree

   թզուկ ծառ ― tʻzuk caṙ ― dwarf tree

   ծառ արուեստի ― caṙ aruesti ― the ten Aristotelian categories

   ելանել ի ծառ ― elanel i caṙ ― to climb trees; to mount a tree

   ծառ յօտել, յապաւել զծառս ― caṙ yōtel, yapawel zcaṙs ― to prune; to lop

   պատուաստել զծառս ― patuastel zcaṙs ― to graft

   ծաղկին ծառք ― całkin caṙkʻ ― the trees flourish

   փթթին ծառք ծաղկօք, ծաղկազարդին ծառք ― pʻtʻtʻin caṙkʻ całkōkʻ, całkazardin caṙkʻ ― the fruits are in full bloom or blossom

   ծառ կացուցանել զհերս ― caṙ kacʻucʻanel zhers ― to cause the hair to stand on end

   իւրում ծառոց ի վերայ ելանել ― iwrum caṙocʻ i veray elanel ― to do according to one's will or pleasure, to follow one's own bent

• Armenian: ծառ (caṙ)
• Georgian: წარავი (c̣aravi), წარაფი (c̣arapi)

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “ծառ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 446–447
• Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ծառ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Diakonoff, Igor M. (1985) “Hurro-Urartian Borrowings in Old Armenian”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎, volume 105, number 4, pages 597–603
• Pedersen, Holger (1905) “Zur armenischen Sprachgeschichte”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen‎ (in German), volume 38, number 2, page 194
• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ծառ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 392
• Walde, Alois (1930) Julius Pokorny, editor, Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume I, Berlin: de Gruyter, page 609