բակ
Armenian
Etymology
From Old Armenian բակ (bak).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [bɑk]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [pʰɑɡ]
Audio (Eastern Armenian) (file)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | բակ (bak) | բակեր (baker) | ||
| dative | բակի (baki) | բակերի (bakeri) | ||
| ablative | բակից (bakicʻ) | բակերից (bakericʻ) | ||
| instrumental | բակով (bakov) | բակերով (bakerov) | ||
| locative | բակում (bakum) | բակերում (bakerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | բակը/բակն (bakə/bakn) | բակերը/բակերն (bakerə/bakern) | ||
| dative | բակին (bakin) | բակերին (bakerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | բակս (baks) | բակերս (bakers) | ||
| dative | բակիս (bakis) | բակերիս (bakeris) | ||
| ablative | բակիցս (bakicʻs) | բակերիցս (bakericʻs) | ||
| instrumental | բակովս (bakovs) | բակերովս (bakerovs) | ||
| locative | բակումս (bakums) | բակերումս (bakerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | բակդ (bakd) | բակերդ (bakerd) | ||
| dative | բակիդ (bakid) | բակերիդ (bakerid) | ||
| ablative | բակիցդ (bakicʻd) | բակերիցդ (bakericʻd) | ||
| instrumental | բակովդ (bakovd) | բակերովդ (bakerovd) | ||
| locative | բակումդ (bakumd) | բակերումդ (bakerumd) | ||
Old Armenian
Etymology
According to Ačaṙean, a Georgian-Zan borrowing: compare Old Georgian ბაკი (baḳi, “hedged pen for cattle; yard; moon halo”), Laz ბაკი (baǩi, “stable”).[1] Similar words are found in other languages of the Caucasus: Svan ქარბა̈კ (karbäḳ), Kabardian бэкхъ (bɛqχ), Abaza бакъ (baqʼ, “cowshed”), Avar бокь (bokkˡʼ), Chamalal бекь (bekkˡʼ), Godoberi бекьи, Karata бекье, Akhvakh бекьо (bekkˡʼo, “stable, stall”)
Martirosyan prefers derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”), either as an inheritance or a borrowing from the Proto-Indo-Iranian cognate *bʰāgá- (“portion, share, allotment”).[2] The sense development is ‘landed allotment, encircled estate’ → ‘courtyard’. If this etymology is correct, the Kartvelian words are borrowed from Armenian.
For the semantic shift ‘courtyard, pen’ → ‘halo’, Martirosyan compares Turkish ağıl (“overnight sheep pen; moon halo”), Hittite [script needed] (Éḫīla-, “courtyard; halo”).[2] Other typological parallels are Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor with its surrounding threshold; halo”), German Hof (“yard; halo”), Hungarian udvar (“yard, court, courtyard; halo, corona (around the moon)”), Lithuanian dar̃žas (“garden; paddock; moon halo”).
Noun
բակ • (bak)
Declension
Derived terms
- բակաձեւ (bakajew)
- բակառաբար (bakaṙabar)
- բակառական (bakaṙakan)
- բակառեմ (bakaṙem)
- բակարգել (bakargel)
Descendants
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “բակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship, number 10, page 99
Further reading
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “բակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “բակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy