ида
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ida"
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьti.
A unique characteristic of this verb is that, unlike other cognates, the l-participle stem was regularized from a stem *и́д- (*íd-), used in the present tense and similar forms, instead of being derived from Proto-Slavic *šьd- (cf. Polish szedłem (I went), Russian шёл (šol) (past tense of идти́ (idtí)).
A milder degree of analogy is exhibited in Serbo-Croatian, which, while still having a *šьd-descendant for the l-participle, attached an и- as in the present tense to an older form *шао, *шла, *шло... to form ишао (“went”). Same thing has happened in Ukrainian where one could find these forms йшов, йшла, йшло, йшли.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈidɐ]
Audio (file)
Verb
и́да • (ída) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (intransitive) to go, to proceed, to change position
- (intransitive, dialectal) to occur, to transpire (of phenomenon)
- иде дъжд ― ide dǎžd ― rain is falling
- (intransitive) (+ dative pronoun) forms a class of subjunctive constructions that imply intent, strife, or feel within the subject to do something
- някому му иде да ... ― njakomu mu ide da ... ― to be going to ...
- (reflexive with си) to go away, to get lost
- иди́ си! ― idí si! ― go away!
- (reflexive with си) to go home, to come home
Conjugation
Conjugation of и́да (conjugation 1.1, irregular, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | и́дещ ídešt |
— | и́дел ídel |
— | и́дейки ídejki | |
| definite subject form | и́дещият ídeštijat |
— | — | — | |||
| definite object form | и́дещия ídeštija |
— | — | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | и́деща ídešta |
— | и́дела ídela |
— | ||
| definite | и́дещата ídeštata |
— | — | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | и́дещо ídešto |
— | и́дело ídelo |
— | — | |
| definite | и́дещото ídeštoto |
— | — | — | — | ||
| plural | indefinite | и́дещи ídešti |
— | и́дели ídeli |
— | — | |
| definite | и́дещите ídeštite |
— | — | — | — | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | и́да ída |
и́деш ídeš |
и́де íde |
и́дем ídem |
и́дете ídete |
и́дат ídat | |
| imperfect | и́дех ídeh |
и́деше ídeše |
и́деше ídeše |
и́дехме ídehme |
и́дехте ídehte |
и́деха ídeha | |
| aorist | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and и́дел m, и́дела f, и́дело n, or и́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and и́дел m, и́дела f, и́дело n, or и́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and и́дел m, и́дела f, и́дело n, or и́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| иди́ idí |
иде́те idéte |
||||||
Conjugation of и́да си (conjugation 1.1, irregular, imperfective, reflexive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | и́дещ си ídešt si |
— | и́дел си ídel si |
— | и́дейки си ídejki si | |
| definite subject form | и́дещият си ídeštijat si |
— | — | — | |||
| definite object form | и́дещия си ídeštija si |
— | — | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | и́деща си ídešta si |
— | и́дела си ídela si |
— | ||
| definite | и́дещата си ídeštata si |
— | — | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | и́дещо си ídešto si |
— | и́дело си ídelo si |
— | — | |
| definite | и́дещото си ídeštoto si |
— | — | — | — | ||
| plural | indefinite | и́дещи си ídešti si |
— | и́дели си ídeli si |
— | — | |
| definite | и́дещите си ídeštite si |
— | — | — | — | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | и́да си ída si |
и́деш си ídeš si |
и́де си íde si |
и́дем си ídem si |
и́дете си ídete si |
и́дат си ídat si | |
| imperfect | и́дех си ídeh si |
и́деше си ídeše si |
и́деше си ídeše si |
и́дехме си ídehme si |
и́дехте си ídehte si |
и́деха си ídeha si | |
| aorist | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| future | pos. | Use ще си followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да си followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да си and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да си followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and и́дел си m, и́дела си f, и́дело си n, or и́дели си pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да си and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да си and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and и́дел си m, и́дела си f, и́дело си n, or и́дели си pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да си and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да си and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and и́дел си m, и́дела си f, и́дело си n, or и́дели си pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да си and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да си and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and — m, — f, — n, or — pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| иди́ си idí si |
иде́те си idéte si |
||||||
Verb
и́да • (ída) first-singular present indicative, pf
Conjugation
Conjugation of и́да (conjugation 1.1, perfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | — | ил il |
и́дел ídel |
— | — | |
| definite subject form | — | и́лият ílijat |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | — | и́лия ílija |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | — | и́ла íla |
и́дела ídela |
— | ||
| definite | — | и́лата ílata |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | — | и́ло ílo |
и́дело ídelo |
— | — | |
| definite | — | и́лото íloto |
— | — | — | ||
| plural | indefinite | — | и́ли íli |
и́дели ídeli |
— | — | |
| definite | — | и́лите ílite |
— | — | — | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | и́да ída |
и́деш ídeš |
и́де íde |
и́дем ídem |
и́дете ídete |
и́дат ídat | |
| imperfect | и́дех ídeh |
и́деше ídeše |
и́деше ídeše |
и́дехме ídehme |
и́дехте ídehte |
и́деха ídeha | |
| aorist | и́дох ídoh |
и́де íde |
и́де íde |
и́дохме ídohme |
и́дохте ídohte |
и́доха ídoha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and и́дел m, и́дела f, и́дело n, or и́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and и́дел m, и́дела f, и́дело n, or и́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and и́дел m, и́дела f, и́дело n, or и́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ил m, и́ла f, и́ло n, or и́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| иди́ idí |
иде́те idéte |
||||||
Derived terms
- и́двам (ídvam) (semelfactive)
- до́йда pf (dójda), дои́ждам impf (doíždam), дои́двам impf (doídvam)
- за́йда pf (zájda), заи́ждам impf (zaíždam), заи́дувам impf (zaíduvam)
- изи́да pf (izída), изи́ждам impf (izíždam) (dialectal)
- на́йда pf (nájda), наи́ждам impf (naíždam), наи́дувам impf (naíduvam)
- оти́да pf (otída), оти́ждам impf (otíždam) (rare), оти́вам impf (otívam)
- по́йда pf (pójda), пои́ждам impf (poíždam), пои́двам impf (poídvam)
- пре́йда pf (préjda), преи́дувам impf (preíduvam) (dialectal)
- прии́да pf (priída), прии́ждам impf (priíždam), прии́двам impf (priídvam)
- про́йда pf (prójda), прои́ждам impf (proíždam) (dialectal)
- пройдо́ха (projdóha, “squanderer”) (Russian loanword)
- рази́да се pf (razída se), рази́ждам се impf (razíždam se)
- и́ден (íden, “incoming”)
- и́днина (ídnina, “future”)
- идом (idom) (obsolete present passive participle)
- непреи́дом (nepreídom, “impassable”) (poetic)
References
- “ида”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “ида”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1897) “и́дѫ, -ешь; и́шьлъ несв.”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 174
- Nayden Gerov (1897) “и́дѫ, -ешь; и́дохъ; и́шьлъ св.”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 175
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “ида”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 10
- “ити”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024
Anagrams
- диа- (dia-)
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