Sir Richard Williams, the first officer of the Royal Australian Air Force to attain air marshal rank

The following is a list of Australians who have attained air marshal rank within the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF); that is, service personnel who have held the rank of air chief marshal (four-star rank), air marshal (three-star rank) or air vice-marshal (two-star rank). The Royal Australian Air Force was established in 1921 as a separate branch of the Australian military forces. The service was modelled after the Royal Air Force—formed three years earlier—and adopted the same ranking system.[1][2][3] Richard Williams, regarded as the "father" of the Royal Australian Air Force, was the service's first member to obtain air-officer rank on being promoted to air commodore (one-star rank) in 1927; he went on to become the first air vice-marshal (1935) and air marshal (1940).[4][5] In 1965, Sir Frederick Scherger became the first officer to be advanced to air chief marshal, one of only four members of the Royal Australian Air Force to obtain this rank as of June 2023.[6] A further twenty-four individuals have reached air marshal in the RAAF and 143 air vice-marshal; seven officers have retired with the honorary rank of air vice-marshal.[7][8]

Air chief marshals

A black shoulder board with the word "AUSTRALIA" across the bottom. Above the word is a thick, blue horizontal stripe, with three thinner blue horizontal stripes above that.
Australian air chief marshal's rank insignia

  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the air chief marshal is still a serving member of the RAAF.

A dash (—) in the "Died" column indicates that the person is still living.

The rank of air chief marshal is the most senior rank within the Royal Australian Air Force to which, excluding ceremonial appointments, any officer has ever been promoted. Only the five-star rank of Marshal of the Royal Australian Air Force is higher, but it has been held in only a ceremonial capacity. As there are currently no appointments in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) at the five-star level, there is no prospect of a RAAF officer achieving the rank in a professional (i.e. non-ceremonial) capacity. Additionally, Marshal of the Royal Australian Air Force is generally considered to be a marshal rank as opposed to an air marshal rank and so the only two individuals ever to hold the rank, King George VI and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, are not listed in a separate section. With the current structure of the ADF, the rank of air chief marshal is held only when an officer of the RAAF is appointed as Chief of the Defence Force. As of June 2018, only four officers have obtained the rank of air chief marshal in the RAAF, the first being Sir Frederick Scherger in 1965 who was also the first non-Army officer in the Australian military to reach four-star rank. Mark Binskin is the most-recently promoted of the four, having been advanced to air chief marshal in June 2014.[6][9]

Air chief marshals of the Royal Australian Air Force are as follows:[10]

Name Born Died Senior command(s) and notes
Mark Binskin1960
—
Chief of the Defence Force (2014–18), Vice Chief of the Defence Force (2011–14), Chief of Air Force (2008–11), Air Commander Australia (2007–08)
Sir Angus Houston1947
—
Chief of the Defence Force (2005–11), Chief of Air Force (2001–05)
Sir Neville McNamara19232014Chief of the Defence Force Staff (1982–84), Chief of the Air Staff (1979–82), Commander, RAAF Forces Vietnam (1971–72)
Sir Frederick Scherger19041984Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (1961–66), Chief of the Air Staff (1957–61)

Air marshals

A black shoulder board with the word "AUSTRALIA" across the bottom. Above the word is a thick, blue horizontal stripe, with two thinner blue horizontal stripes above that.
Australian air marshal's rank insignia

  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the air marshal is still a serving member of the RAAF.

A dash (—) in the "Died" column indicates that the person is still living.

Air marshal is the highest permanent rank in the Royal Australian Air Force. The rank of air marshal is always held by the Chief of Air Force, though is also held when a RAAF officer is appointed as Vice Chief of the Defence Force, Chief of Joint Operations, Chief of Joint Capabilities or equivalent positions. Richard Williams was the first officer to attain the rank of air marshal in the RAAF on promotion in 1940.[11] Regarded as the 'father' of the Royal Australian Air Force, Williams was its first and longest serving chief, being appointed to the post during three different periods and serving for a total of thirteen years.[4][5] Leon Phillips is the most recent officer to obtain the rank of air marshal, having been promoted to the rank in May 2023.[12]

Air marshals of the Royal Australian Air Force are as follows:[13]

Name Born Died Senior command(s) and notes
Geoff Brown1958
—
Chief of Air Force (2011–15), Deputy Chief of Air Force (2008–11)
Robert Chipman*1971
—
Chief of Air Force (2022–), Head Military Strategic Commitments (2021–22), Australian Military Representative to NATO and the European Union (2019–21)
Leo Davies1960
—
Chief of Air Force (2015–19), Deputy Chief of Air Force (2012–15)
David Evans19252020Chief of the Air Staff (1982–85)
Les Fisher1941
—
Chief of Air Force (1997–98), Chief of the Air Staff (1994–97)
Ray Funnell1935
—
Chief of the Air Staff (1987–92), Vice Chief of the Defence Force (1986–87)
Darren Goldie*1975
—
National Cyber Security Coordinator (2023–), Air Commander Australia (2022–23)
Barry Gration1936
—
Chief of Air Force (1992–94), Air Commander Australia (1990–92). Brother of General Peter Gration
Sir Valston Hancock19071998Chief of the Air Staff (1961–65), Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1959–61)
Sir Colin Hannah19141978Governor of Queensland (1972–77), Chief of the Air Staff (1970–72), Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1965–67)
John Harvey1954
—
Chief of Capability Development Group (2010–12), Program Manager, New Air Combat Capability (2006–10)
Mel Hupfeld1962
—
Chief of Air Force (2019–22), Chief of Joint Operations (2018–19), Head Force Design (2016–18), Head Capability Systems (2014–15), Air Commander Australia (2012–14), Commander Air Combat Group (2008–11)
Sir George Jones18961992Director of Coordination, Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation (1952–57), Chief of the Air Staff (1942–52)
Sir John McCauley18991989Chief of the Air Staff (1954–57), Air Officer Commanding Home Command (1949–54)
Warren McDonald1963
—
Chief of Joint Capabilities (2017–20), Deputy Chief of Air Force (2015–17)
Errol McCormack1941
—
Chief of Air Force (1998–01)
Sir Alister Murdoch19121984Chief of the Air Staff (1965–69), Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1962–65)
John Newham19302022Chief of the Air Staff (1985–87)
Leon Phillips*1969
—
Chief of Guided Weapons and Explosive Ordnance (2023–), Head Aerospace Systems Division (2022–23)
Sir Charles Read19182014Chief of the Air Staff (1972–75)
Douglas Riding1943
—
Vice Chief of the Defence Force (1998–00)
Sir James Rowland19221999Governor of New South Wales (1981–89), Chief of the Air Staff (1975–79)
Geoff Shepherd1952
—
Chief of Air Force (2005–08), Air Commander Australia (2003–05)
Sir Richard Williams18901980Director-General of Civil Aviation (1946–55), Air Officer Commanding Overseas Headquarters (1941–42), Chief of the Air Staff (1922; 1925–32; 1934–39)

Air vice-marshals

A black shoulder board with the word "AUSTRALIA" across the bottom. Above the word is a thick, blue horizontal stripe, with a thinner blue horizontal stripe above that.
Australian air vice-marshal's rank insignia

  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the air vice-marshal is still a serving member of the RAAF.
  This along with the + (plus) indicates that the officer retired with the honorary rank of air vice-marshal.

A dash (—) in the "Died" column indicates that the person is still living.

The first Royal Australian Air Force air vice-marshal was Richard Williams in 1935;[4] he was followed by Stanley Goble—Williams' successor all three times he held the position of Chief of the Air Staff—two years later.[14] The list of RAAF air vice-marshals includes Frank McNamara, the first Australian aviator to be decorated with the Victoria Cross (VC). McNamara was awarded the VC in 1917 while serving with the Australian Flying Corps, the Australian Army's air branch and predecessor of the RAAF, in the First World War; he was promoted air vice-marshal in 1942.[3][15] As of January 2023, six women have reached air vice-marshal rank. On promotion to air vice-marshal in 2003, Julie Hammer became the first woman to achieve two-star rank in the ADF.[16][17] Hammer has since been joined by Margaret Staib (2010),[18] Tracy Smart (2015), Cath Roberts (2016), Barbara Courtney (2021), and Wendy Blyth (2022).

Air vice-marshals of the Royal Australian Air Force are as follows:[19][20]

Name Born Died Senior command(s) and notes
Henry Acton19021971Air Member for Supply and Equipment (1956–60)
John Adams19221990Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1978–80)
William Anderson+18911975Air Officer Commanding Eastern Area (1942–43), Air Officer Commanding Central Area (1940–41), Chief of the Air Staff (1940)
Tony Austin1953
—
Head Defence Health Services (2005–08), Director-General Defence Health Services (2002–05)
Frederick Barnes19242018Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1979–81)
Hugh Bartholomeusz1953
—
Surgeon General Australian Defence Force Reserves (2011–19)
Gary Beck1942
—
Commandant, Australian Defence Force Academy (1996–97), Air Commander Australia (1992–96)
John Blackburn1956
—
Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (2005–08)
Frank Bladin18981978Air Officer Commanding Eastern Area (1947–48), Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1944–46), Air Officer Commanding North-Western Area (1942–43)
Wendy Blyth*1974
—
Head of Air Force Capability (2023–)
Richard Bomball1937
—
Commandant, Australian Defence Force Academy (1990–93)
William Bostock18921968Federal Member for Indi (1949–58), Air Officer Commanding RAAF Command (1942–45), Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1939–42)
Richard Bradford19362001Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1987–90)
Glen Braz*1969
—
Air Commander Australia (2023–), Deputy Chief of Air Force (2023), First Assistant Director-General Expeditionary and Transnational Intelligence Division (2020–22)
Douglas Cameron1930
—
Director-General Policy and Plans (1981–84)
Douglas Candy19121985Air Officer Commanding Home Command (1958–59), Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1956–58)
Ernest Carroll19252010Chief of Supply (1980–82)
Stephen Chappell*1975
—
Head Military Strategic Commitments (2022–)
Alan Charlesworth+19031978Air Officer Commanding Overseas Headquarters (1954–55), Air Officer Commanding North-Western Area (1944–46), Air Officer Commanding Eastern Area (1943–44)
Kerry Clarke1948
—
Head Capability Systems (2002–05), Commander Five Power Defence Arrangements (2000–02)
Colin Cleary19131995Air Member for Supply and Equipment (1968–73)
Alan Clements1963
—
Head of Australian Defence Staff, Washington, D.C. (2017–20)
Adrian Cole+18951966Air Member for Personnel (1944–45), Air Officer Commanding North-Western Area (1943–44), Air Officer Commanding Southern Area (1940–41)
Billie Collings1932
—
Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1985–87)
William Collins1939
—
Air Officer Commanding Logistics Command (1990–93)
Lyndon Crompton19222004Chief of Air Force Technical Services (1975–1979)
Raymond Conroy1947
—
Head Aerospace Systems Division (1990–91)
John Cornish19222018Chief of Air Force Materiel (1975–79)
Barbara Courtney*1963
—
Head Royal Commission Defence and Veteran Suicide Taskforce (2021–)
Franklin Cox1941
—
Assistant Chief of the Defence Force (Personnel) (1994–97)
Denis Creal19031993Air Member for Supply and Equipment (1960–64)
Peter Criss1949
—
Air Commander Australia (1999–00)
Edward Daley19011985Director-General RAAF Medical Services (1945–61), Director Medical Services (1943–45)
Chris Deeble1957
—
Program Manager for the Joint Strike Fighter Division (2014–16), Program Manager, Airborne Early Warning and Control (2006–14)
Robert Denney*1972
—
Head Force Integration (2023–), Head of Air Force Capability (2021–23)
Joseph Dietz19291985Chief of Air Force Technical Services (1981–85)
Desmond Douglas19171980Australian Defence Representative in Washington D.C. (1970–74)
Andrew Dowse1963
—
Head of ICT Operations and Strategic J6 (2014–17)
David Dunlop1949
—
Director-General Defence Force Cadets (2003–05), Director-General Reserves (2002–03)
Brian Eaton19161982Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1973), Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1966–67)
Stephen Edgeley*1970
—
Assistant to the Chief of the Defence Force (2023–), Commander Australian Defence College (2022-23)
Graham Edwards*1965
—
Head Aerospace Systems Division (2023–)
Brenton Espeland19482017Advisor to Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics Coordination Task Force (1999–01), Deputy Chief of Air Force (1998–99), Air Officer Commanding Training Command (1995–98)
Greg Evans1957
—
Deputy Chief of Joint Operations (2008–09), Commander Joint Task Force 633 (2004–05)
James Flemming19262015Director, Australian War Memorial (1982–87)
Roy Frost19302001Chief of Air Force Materiel (1982–83)
William Gibson+19151982Senior Air Staff Officer Operational Command (1963–64, 1966–67), Senior Air Staff Officer Far East Air Force (1964–66)
Stanley Goble18911948Chief of the Air Staff (1922–25; 1932–34; 1939–40)
Leigh Gordon1961
—
Head Joint Strike Fighter Division (2016–20), Head Aerospace Systems Division (2013–16)
Brian Graf1937
—
Director-General Technical Plans (1987–88)
Norman Gray1952
—
Chief Executive Officer, Defence Materiel Organisation (2004–05)
Julie Hammer1955
—
National President, Engineers Australia (2007–08), Commandant, Australian Defence Force Academy (2001–03). First female to be promoted air commodore and air vice-marshal in RAAF; first female promoted to two-star rank in ADF.
Neil Hart1963
—
Head One Defence Implementation (2015–17), Head Force Structure Review (2014–16), Head Joint Capability Coordination (2012–13), Deputy Chief of Air Force (2011)
Geoffrey Harland*1966
—
Commander Integrated Area Defence System, Malaysia (2020–)
Geoffrey Hartnell19161981Director Joint Service Plans (1966–68)
Frank Headlam19141976Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1965–66)
Alan Heggen1932
—
Chief of Logistics Development (1988–89)
Michael Helsham19212002Judge Advocate-General RAAF (1969–84)
William Hely19091970Air Officer Commanding Training Command (1956–57), Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1953–55), Air Officer Commanding Western Area (1951–53)
William Henman1959
—
Commander Integrated Area Defence System, Malaysia (2014–17)
Keith Hennock19181999Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1967–69)
Joe Hewitt19011985No. 9 Operational Group RAAF (1943)
Ernest Hey19122006Air Member for Technical Services (1960–72)
Colin Hingston1949
—
Head Business Information Systems (2000–02)
Gregory Hoffmann1967
—
Head Aerospace Systems Division and Head Air Domain (2019–22)
Leslie Holten19162006Air Member for Supply and Equipment (1973–75)
Henry Hughes19282005Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1981–83)
Douglas Hurditch19212018Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1974–75)
Sir Victor Hurley18881958Director-General Medical Services RAAF (1942–45)
Tim Innes1960
—
Commander Integrated Area Defence System (2017–20), Commander Joint Task Force 633 (2016–17)
Joe Iervasi1967
—
Air Commander Australia (2019–22), Commander Joint Task Force 633 (2019)
John Jordan19232018Air Member for Personnel (1975–76)
John Kindler1946
—
Air Commander Australia (2000–03)
Michael Kitcher*1965
—
Deputy Chief of Joint Operations (2021–)
Russell Law19282021Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1981–84)
Gerry van Leeuwen*1970
—
Head Guided Weapons & Explosive Ordnance (2022–)
John Lessels19301999Director-General Natural Disasters Organisation (1984–87)
Warren Ludwig1960
—
Commander Integrated Area Defence System, Malaysia (2010–14)
John Lush+19151977Air Officer Commanding Support Command (1969–70), Commander, RAAF Forces Vietnam (1967–68)
George Mackinolty18951951Air Member for Supply and Equipment (1942–51)
Ian McLachlan19111991Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1959–61), Air Officer Commanding Training Command (1957–59)
Roxley McLennan1950
—
Deputy Chief of Air Force (2004–05), Commander Integrated Area Defence System, Malaysia (2002–04), Commander Air Lift Group (1998–00)
Frank McNamara+18941961Air Officer Commanding British Forces Aden (1942–45), Air Officer Commanding Overseas Headquarters (1942). First Australian aviator to receive the Victoria Cross.
Anthony Marsh19151994Director-General Medical Services RAAF (1967–71)
Stephen Meredith1967
—
Deputy Chief of Air Force (2019–23), Head Force Integration (2017–19), Commander Air Warfare Centre (2016–17)
Michael Miller19352016Surgeon-General Australian Defence Force (1990–92), Director General Air Force Health Services (1987–90)
Graeme Moller1943
—
Surgeon-General Australian Defence Force (1996–98), Director General Air Force Health Services (1990–93)
John Monaghan1954
—
Head Aerospace Systems Division (2002–04)
David Morgan19201995Director-General RAAF Medical Services (1971–80)
Graham Neil1937
—
Assistant Chief of the Defence Force (Personnel) (1990–92), Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (Personnel) (1989–90)
Carl Newman*1971
—
Deputy Commander, United States Pacific Air Forces (2023–)
Geoffrey Newstead19202004Air Officer Commanding Support Command (1973–77), Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1972–73), Commander, RAAF Forces Vietnam (1968–69)
Alastair Nicholson1938
—
Judge Advocate-General Australian Defence Force (1987–92), Judge Advocate General RAAF (1983–85)
Peter Nicholson1946
—
Air Commander Australia (1996–98)
Rodney Noble19211995Chief of Air Force Technical Services (1979–81)
Thomas O'Brien1939
—
Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1990–93)
Brendan O'Loghlin1944
—
Air Officer Commanding Training Command (1994–95)
Stephen Osborne1963
—
Commander Operation Sovereign Borders (2017–18)
Kym Osley1959
—
Program Manager, New Air Combat Capability (2011–14), Head of Australian Defence Staff, Washington D.C. (2008–11), Commander Air Combat Group (2007–08)
Harold Parker19242006Director-General Air Force Operations and PLans (1976–77)
Ian Parker19231985Chief of Air Force Personnel (1976–79)
John Paule1932
—
Director-General Air Force Manpower (1985–87)
Kevin Paule1959
—
Head of Military Strategic Commitments (2010–13), Commander Air Force Training Group (2006–07)
Jack Plenty1956
—
Head Capability Systems (2008–12), Commander Air Lift Group (2007–08)
John Quaife1955
—
Head Capability Systems (2007–08), Air Commander Australia (2005–07), Commander Air Combat Group (2002–04)
Edward Radford1935
—
Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1990), Air Commander Australia (1985–1990)
Alan Reed19332021Air Officer Commanding Logistics Command (1987–90)
Glen (Bill) Reed19372016Director-General Air Force Health Services (1984–87)
Bernard Reynolds19311986Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1984–85)
Harvey Reynolds*
—
—
Deputy Chief of Air Force (2023–)
Robert Richardson1941
—
Deputy Chief of Air Force (1997), Air Officer Commanding Training Command (1992–93)
Trevor Richardson1938
—
Commander Tactical Fighter Group (1988–90)
Michael Ridgway19282011Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1980–81)
Steve Roberton1968
—
Head Force Design (2019–22), Air Commander Australia (2017–19)
Catherine Roberts*1965
—
Head of Space Division (2022–), Head of Air Force Capability (2019–21), Head Aerospace Systems Division (2016–19)
Frederick Robey19211995Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1974–78), Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1973–74), Commander, RAAF Forces Vietnam (1969–70)
David Rogers1943
—
Head of Capability Development (1997–98), Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1994–97)
Hansjorg Roser1937
—
Director-General RAAF Tactical Fighter Project (1992–96)
Clive Rossiter1955
—
Head Aerospace Systems Division (2005–08)
David Scheul*1969
—
Head Air Defence and Space Systems (2022–)
Peter Scully1934
—
Air Officer Commanding Support Command (1983–86)
Bruce Short1942
—
Surgeon-General Australian Defence Force (2001–05)
William Simmonds19302023Chief of Air Force Operations and Plans (1985–87)
Mark Skidmore1959
—
Air Commander Australia (2008–12)
Tracy Smart1963
—
Commander Joint Health (2015–19)
Neil Smith1945
—
Air Officer Commanding Support Command (1997–00)
Ian Smith1953
—
Deputy Head Strategic Reform and Governance (2010–13)
Christopher Spence1951
—
Commander Joint Logistics (2004–06), Deputy Chief of Air Force (2001–04)
Margaret Staib1962
—
CEO of Airservices Australia (2012–2015), Commander Joint Logistics (2010–12), Commandant, Australian Defence Force Academy (2009)
Eric Stephenson19222017Director-General Air Force Health Services (1980–84)
Ronald Susans19171992Director-General Operational Requirements (1966–69)
Ian Sutherland1931
—
Chief of Air Force Technical Services (1985–89)
Philip Tammen*1968
—
Head Virginia Acquisition and Commercial Division, Australian Submarine Agency (2023–)
Colin Thorne1963
—
Head Aerospace Systems Division (2008–13)
Donald Tidd1939
—
Assistant Chief of the Defence Force (Logistics) (1993–95)
Alan Titheridge1946
—
Deputy Chief of Air Force (1999–01), Air Commander Australia (1998–99)
William Townsend19161987Air Officer Commanding Operational Command (1969–73), Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1967–69)
Raymond Trebilco19261998Air Officer Commanding Support Command (1979–80)
Robert Treloar1946
—
Commander Australian Theatre (1999–01)
Lawrence Trudinger19151985Director-General Medical Services RAAF (1963–67)
Kenneth Tuckwell1935
—
Director-General Air Force Operations (1981–82; 1987–88)
Gavin Turnbull1964
—
Deputy Chief of Air Force (2017–19), Air Commander Australia (2014–17)
Ellis Wackett19011984Air Member for Technical Services (1942–59)
Allan Walters19051968Air Officer Commanding Support Command (1959–62), Air Officer Commanding Home Command (1954–57)
Kenneth Watson1960
—
Commander Northern Command (2011–13)
Elliott Weller1941
—
Air Officer Commanding Logistics Command (1995–97)
Brian Weston1945
—
Assistant Chief of the Defence Force (Operations) (1995–97)
Robert White19261998Chief of Supply (1975–80)
Henry Wrigley+18921987Air Officer Commanding Overseas Headquarters (1942–46)
Peter Yates1964
—
Program Manager Enterprise Resource and Planning Project (2016–18)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Gillison 1962, p. 16
  2. ↑ MacDougall 2007, p. 158
  3. 1 2 Newton 1996, p. 15
  4. 1 2 3 "Air Marshal Richard Williams, KBE, CB, DSO". People profiles. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  5. 1 2 "Air Marshal Sir Richard Williams". History. Royal Australian Air Force. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  6. 1 2 Clark, Chris (19 May 2005). "Air Force Defence chiefs of the past". Air Force News. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  7. ↑ "Air Marshals of the RAAF". Royal Australian Air Force Air Power Development Centre. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  8. ↑ "Hononary Air Vice-Marshals". Air Marshals of the RAAF. Royal Australian Air Force Air Power Development Centre. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
  9. ↑ Rayner 1992, pp. 298–299
  10. ↑ "Air Chief Marshals". Air Marshals of the RAAF. Royal Australian Air Force Air Power Development Centre. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  11. ↑ Gillison 1962, p. 93
  12. ↑ "Head of GWEO Enterprise Appointed". Australian Defence Magazine. 8 May 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
  13. ↑ "Air Marshals". Air Marshals of the RAAF. Royal Australian Air Force Air Power Development Centre. Archived from the original on 1 June 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  14. ↑ McCarthy, John (1983). "Goble, Stanley James (1891–1948)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  15. ↑ Staunton 2005, pp. 47–49
  16. ↑ "Chief of the Defence Force Announces Two Air Force Promotions". Defence Media Release (4 July 2003). Department of Defence. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  17. ↑ "Women in Air Force". History. Royal Australia Air Force. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  18. ↑ "Commander Joint Logistics". Defence Leaders. Department of Defence. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  19. ↑ "Air Vice-Marshals A–K". Air Marshals of the RAAF. Royal Australian Air Force Air Power Development Centre. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  20. ↑ "Air Vice-Marshals L–Z". Air Marshals of the RAAF. Royal Australian Air Force Air Power Development Centre. Archived from the original on 1 June 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2010.

References

  • Gillison, Douglas (1962). Volume I – Royal Australian Air Force 1939–1942. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 3 – Air. Canberra, Australia: Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011.
  • MacDougall, A.K. (2007). Australians at War: A Pictorial History. Rowville, Victoria, Australia: Five Mile Press. ISBN 978-1-74178-957-7.
  • Newton, Dennis (1996). Australian Air Aces: Australian Fighter Pilots in Combat. Fyshwyck, Australian Capital Territory: Aerospace Publications. ISBN 1-875671-25-0.
  • Staunton, Anthony (2005). Victoria Cross: Australia's Finest and the Battles They Fought. Prahan, Victoria, Australia: Hardie Grant Books. ISBN 1-74066-288-1.
  • Rayner, Harry (1992). "Air Chief Marshal Sir Frederick Scherger". In Horner, David (ed.). The Commanders: Australian Military Leadership in the Twentieth Century. Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86373-190-3.
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